High bifurcation of the unilateral brachial artery: an unusual variation.

Background: It is common to observe a high bifurcation of the brachial artery, with some variations being quite rare.

Materials And Methods: During routine dissection for medical teaching purposes, a unilateral high bifurcation of the brachial artery was noted on the left side of a female cadaver.

Results: On the left arm, 2 branches of different sizes originated from the axillary artery, one on the radial side and the other on the ulnar side.

Study of nonsynchronous online teaching of regional anatomy for international students integrated with medical humanities and local culture during COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed unexpected disruptions to anatomical educational practice, the teaching of regional anatomy for international students which has changed to an online format and faces various challenges. The challenges include creating online education homogeneous/equivalent to offline education, introducing local culture to international students, and educating students in medical humanities and ethics.

Methods: To address these problems, the teaching staff integrated medical humanities and local culture into nonsynchronous online teaching of regional anatomy.

Breakthrough in targeted therapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains by far the single most common malignancy of lung cancer which causes more and more mortality in recent years. NSCLC accounts for more than 80 % of lung cancers, and the vast majority of patients were found to be in advanced inoperable stages. Chemotherapy used to be the main treatment for NSCLC, but due to its obvious side effects.

RNA-based pharmacotherapy for tumors: From bench to clinic and back.

RNA therapy is a treatment that regulates cell proteins and cures diseases by affecting the metabolism of mRNAs in cells, which has cut a figure in the studies on various incurable illnesses like hereditary diseases, tumors, etc. In this review, we introduced the discovery and development of RNA therapy and discussed its classification, mechanisms, advantages, and challenges. Moreover, we highlighted how RNA therapy works in killing tumor cells as well as what progresses it has made in related researches.

Genetic variations , gene-environment interactions and risk of sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese population.

CHD5 is an essential factor for neuronal differentiation and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the targeted next generation sequencing and TaqMan genotyping technologies were carried out for gene in a two-staged case-control study in Chinese population. The genetic statistics and gene-environment interactions were analyzed to find certain risk factors of Alzheimer's disease.

NF-B pathway link with ER stress-induced autophagy and apoptosis in cervical tumor cells.

Targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is being investigated for its anticancer effect in various cancers, including cervical cancer. However, the molecular pathways whereby ER stress mediates cell death remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that ER stress triggered by compounds such as brefeldin A (BFA), tunicamycin (TM), and thapsigargin (TG) leads to the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cervical cancer cell lines, which is characterized by elevated levels of inositol-requiring kinase 1, glucose-regulated protein-78, and C/EBP homologous protein, and swelling of the ER observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).

microRNA-155 deficiency impairs dendritic cell function in breast cancer.

In antitumor immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) capture, process, and present tumor antigens to T cells, initiating a tumoricidal response. However, DCs are often dysfunctional due to their exposure to the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to tumor escape from immune surveillance. Here, a vital role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in regulating the function of DCs in breast cancer is reported.

Efficacy and Safety of Renal Sympathetic Denervation on Dogs with Pressure Overload-Induced Heart Failure.

Background: In dogs with heart failure (HF) induced by overload pressure, the role of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on heart failure and in the renal artery is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of RSD in dogs with pressure overload-induced heart failure.

Methods: Twenty mongrel dogs were divided into a sham-operated group, an HF group and an HF + RSD group.

Ursolic acid enhances macrophage autophagy and attenuates atherogenesis.

Macrophage autophagy has been shown to be protective against atherosclerosis. We previously discovered that ursolic acid (UA) promoted cancer cell autophagy. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether UA enhances macrophage autophagy in the context of atherogenesis.

Mitochondrial FOXO3a is involved in amyloid β peptide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of amyloid β peptide (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise mechanism(s) of Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction has not been fully understood. There is evidence that Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) is normally present in neuronal mitochondria.

MAPKAP1 rs10118570 polymorphism is associated with anti-infection and anti-hepatic fibrogenesis in schistosomiasis japonica.

Chronic infection with Schistosoma japonicum is an important cause of hepatic fibrosis (HF). Human 9q33.3 is one of the most important loci for stress-related diseases.

9q33.3, a stress-related chromosome region, contributes to reducing lung squamous cell carcinoma risk.

Background: Human chromosome 9q33.3 is one of the most important loci for pathophysiological stresses with complex genetic traits. We hypothesized that the common single-nucleotide polymorphisms on this region may affect non-small-cell lung cancer risk.

De-oncogenic HPV E6/E7 vaccine gets enhanced antigenicity and promotes tumoricidal synergy with cisplatin.

In order to develop more effective therapeutic vaccines against cancers with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, it is crucial to enhance the immunogenicity, eliminate the oncogenicity of oncoproteins, and take a combination of E7- and E6-containing vaccines. It has been shown recently that PE(ΔIII)-E7-KDEL3 (E7), a fusion protein containing the HPV16 oncoprotein E7 and the translocation domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, is effective against TC-1 tumor cells inoculated in mice, therefore, we engineered PE(ΔIII)-E6-CRL-KDEL3 (E6), the de-oncogenic versions of the E7 and E6 fusion proteins [i.e.

Ursolic acid promotes cancer cell death by inducing Atg5-dependent autophagy.

Ursolic acid (UA) has been reported to possess anticancer activities. Although some of the anticancer activities of UA have been explained by its apoptosis-inducing properties, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer actions are largely unknown. We have found that UA-activated autophagy induced cytotoxicity and reduced tumor growth of cervical cancer cells TC-1 in a concentration-dependent manner.

WITHDRAWN: Transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cells containing the nerve growth factor gene in adult rat brain with Fimbria Fornix lesion.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising source for cell-based treatment of brain injury, but the therapy of BMSCs is restricted by low cell survival. We examined whether nerve growth factor (NGF) improve BMSCs viability in the brain with Fimbria-Fornix lesion (FF). After transduction of NGF gene via recombinant retroviral vectors, the rat BMSCs were transformed into the NGF-GFP positive BMSCs, nearly 100% of cells expressed NGF.

Involvement of NOS/NO in the development of chronic dental inflammatory pain in rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be an important messenger molecule in nociceptive transmission. To assess the possible roles of NO in trigeminal sensory system, we examined the distribution and density of histochemical staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d), a marker for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and immunohistochemical staining for c-Fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) following pulp exposure (PX) injured rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in TG were labeled by the retrograde transport of fluoro-gold (FG).

Bone mesenchymal stem cells for gene transfer of NGF to the adult rat brain: rescue the NGFR p75 positive neurons from fimbria-fornix lesion-induced degeneration.

The study was to evaluate the therapeutic benefit of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected never growth factor (NGF) gene and GFP gene (as a reporter gene), in treating the rat with fimbria-fornix lesion. After transduction of NGF gene via recombinant retroviral vectors into the rat BMSCs, BMSCs were therefore transformed into the GFP-NGF positive BMSCs, nearly 100% of BMSCs expressed NGF, and then transplanted into basal forebrain of rat with fimbria-fornix lesion. After 2 weeks post-transplantation, the GFP-NGF positive BMSCs survive and fuse in vivo with astroglia or NGFR p75 positive neurons in the basal forebrain, no evidence of transdifferentiation was observed in this study.

Expression and colocalization of NADPH-diaphorase and heme oxygenase-2 in trigeminal ganglion and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus of the rat.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are two endogenously produced gases that can function as second messenger molecules in the nervous system. The enzyme systems responsible for CO and NO biosynthesis are heme oxygenase (HO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), respectively. The present study was undertaken to examine the distribution of HO-2 and NOS of the trigeminal primary afferent neurons of the rat, located in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) and mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.