Reviewing advancement in P30 adhesin protein provides insights for future diagnosis and treatment.

is a major pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children, adolescents, and elderly individuals and can lead to pneumonia, intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, and respiratory sequelae. must adhere to respiratory epithelial cells of a host for infection. The P1 and P30 proteins, as two adhesin proteins of , have attracted extensive attention from many researchers.

Role of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in fear memory retention in post-traumatic stress disorder model rats.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons have been found to substantially associate with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) pathology, however, whether and how these DA neurons affect fear memory management in PTSD individuals remains largely unknown. In this study, we utilized auditory conditioned foot-shock to evaluate the fear memory retrieval and retention characteristics in a single prolonged stress-induced PTSD rat model. We employed chemogenetic technology to specifically activate VTA DA neurons to examine the freezing behaviors responding to the conditioned stimuli.

Dilemma and a way out for bacterial biofilm research.

Biofilm-associated infections (BAIs) are more common in clinical practice and have become a public health problem of global concern. We present our views on current research (detection methods, mechanism research, animal model construction, treatment strategies, etc.) on biofilms and BAIs, and discuss future developments concerning this important issue.

An attenuated multiple genetic mutant of Mycoplasma pneumoniae imparts good immuno-protection against M. pneumoniae pneumonia in BALB/c mice.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is the causative agent of both upper and lower respiratory infections that can lead to pneumonia, extrapulmonary complications and devastating sequela. With the increasing rate of macrolide-resistant strains, the severe clinical consequence of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children health calls for the need of vaccine research for this pathogen.

Infections: Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development.

is a major causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia which can lead to both acute upper and lower respiratory tract inflammation, and extrapulmonary syndromes. Refractory pneumonia caused by can be life-threatening, especially in infants and the elderly. Here, based on a comprehensive review of the scientific literature related to the respective area, we summarize the virulence factors of and the major pathogenic mechanisms mediated by the pathogen: adhesion to host cells, direct cytotoxicity against host cells, inflammatory response-induced immune injury, and immune evasion.

Up-Conversion Luminescent Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging, Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

In the past few years, we have witnessed great development and application potential of various up-conversion luminescent nanoparticles (UCNPs) in the nanomedicine field. Based on the unique luminescent mechanism of UCNPs and the distinguishable features of cancer biomarkers and the microenvironment, an increasing number of smart UCNPs nanoprobes have been designed and widely applied to molecular imaging, cancer diagnosis, and treatment. Considerable technological success has been achieved, but the main obstacles to oncology nanomedicine is becoming an incomplete understanding of nano-bio interactions, the challenges regarding chemistry manufacturing and controls required for clinical translation and so on.

Saikosaponin‑D improves fear memory deficits in ovariectomized rats via the action of estrogen receptor‑α in the hippocampus.

Saikosaponin‑D (SSD), which is the main bioactive component in the traditional Chinese medicine Chai Hu (Bupleurum falcatum L), possesses estrogen‑like properties and is widely used in treating estrogen‑related neurological disorders. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SSD on the fear memory deficit in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and the potential underlying mechanism. SSD treatment significantly prolonged freezing time in OVX rats in a manner similar to that of estradiol (E2), whereas this effect was markedly suppressed by co‑administration of ICI182780, a non‑selective estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor.

Synergistic antibacterial activity between penicillenols and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant .

Penicillenol A2 (isolated from deep-sea fungus DFFSCS023) has good antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive and in combination with -lactam antibiotics it could significantly decrease methicillin-resistant (MRSA) survival, which provides a novel treatment consideration for MRSA-caused infections.

Synergistic antibacterial activity of new isomeric carborane derivatives through combination with nanoscaled titania.

As a novel strategy to combat the nosocomial infection caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii, the antibacterial effect of a pair of geometrical isomers ferrocene-carborane derivatives (designated as FcSB1 and FcSB2) combining with nanoscaled titania (nano TiO2) against five MDR A. baumannii strains were explored in this contribution. The drug interaction assay and time-kill studies demonstrate the considerable enhancement effect of the TiO2 nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of FcSB1/or FcSB2 against clinically MDR-resistant A.

Antimicrobial activity of a ferrocene-substituted carborane derivative targeting multidrug-resistant infection.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of bacteria is still an unsolved serious problem to threaten the health of human beings. Developing new antibacterial agents, therefore, are urgently needed. Herein, we have explored the possibility to design and synthesize some novel antibacterial agents including ferrocene-substituted carborane derivative (Fc(2)SBCp(1)) and have evaluated the relevant antibacterial action against two clinical common MDR pathogens (i.