Efficacy of a moisturizer for pruritus accompanied by xerosis in patients undergoing dialysis: A multicenter, open-label, randomized verification study.

Xerosis and pruritus are common in patients undergoing dialysis. These symptoms are treated with moisturizers, but limited evidence supports the efficacy of such treatment. Our exploratory study suggested the effectiveness of a heparinoid-containing product for xerosis in dialysis patients.

Lipopolysaccharide directly inhibits bicarbonate absorption by the renal outer medullary collecting duct.

Acidosis is associated with E. coli induced pyelonephritis but whether bacterial cell wall constituents inhibit HCO transport in the outer medullary collecting duct from the inner stripe (OMCDi) is not known. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on HCO absorption in isolated perfused rabbit OMCDi.

Correction to: Pharmacokinetics and Dialyzability of a Single Oral Dose of Amenamevir, an Anti-Herpes Drug, in Hemodialysis Patients.

In the original article, there is incorrect text has published as "The hemodialysis clearance, elimination fraction percentage, and amount of amenamevir removed were 37.8 mL/min, 28.1%, and 132.

Practice Advisory on the Appropriate Use of NSAIDs in Primary Care.

Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are important in managing acute and chronic pain secondary to inflammation. As a greater understanding of the risks of gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular (CV) and renal events with NSAIDs use has emerged, guidelines have evolved to reflect differences in risks among NSAIDs. Updated guidelines have yet to reflect new evidence from recent trials which showed similar CV event rates with celecoxib compared to naproxen and ibuprofen, and significantly better GI tolerability for celecoxib.

Pharmacokinetics and Dialyzability of a Single Oral Dose of Amenamevir, an Anti-Herpes Drug, in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: Amenamevir (ASP2151), a herpesvirus helicase-primase inhibitor, is currently used for the treatment of herpes zoster in Japan. Amenamevir is mainly metabolized in the liver, and urinary excretion of amenamevir is approximately 10% in healthy adults. The increase of systemic exposure in non-dialysis patients with severe renal impairment was much less than that associated with nucleoside antiviral agents.

Effective improvement of minimal change nephrotic syndrome with uncontrollable high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level using evolocumab accompanied by the development of acute pancreatitis.

Nephrotic syndrome is sometimes refractory; however, it is rarely accompanied by acute pancreatitis. A 47-year-old Japanese woman complaining of limb edema was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Blood and urine examinations suggested minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), and pulse intravenous methylprednisolone was administered, followed by oral prednisolone.

Recent approaches to gout drug discovery: an update.

Introduction: Inflammation induced by urate deposition in joints causes gout. Healthy individuals maintain serum levels of urate by balancing urate production/excretion, whereas a production/excretion imbalance increases urate levels. Hyperuricemia is diagnosed when the serum urate level is continuously above 7 mg/dl as the solubility limit, and urate accumulates in the kidneys and joints.

Modified forearm ischemic test in hypouricemic patients.

Renal hypouricemia sometimes leads to exercise-induced acute kidney injury (EIAKI) of unknown pathogenesis. In order to elucidate the various pathological conditions associated with hypouricemia, we analyzed the effects of low uric acid level on energy metabolism. We have modified semi-ischemic forearm exercise test and performed this test in one Japanese healthy volunteer, three patients with hereditary renal hypouricemia and one patient with hereditary xanthinuria of Czech origin.

Interleukin-36α as a potential biomarker for renal tubular damage induced by dietary phosphate load.

Excessive intake of phosphate has been known to induce renal tubular damage and interstitial inflammation, leading to acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease in rodents and humans. However, sensitive and early biomarkers for phosphate-induced kidney damage remain to be identified. Our previous RNA sequencing analysis of renal gene expression identified interleukin-36α (IL-36α) as a gene significantly upregulated by dietary phosphate load in mice.

Medical and Dental Visits of Chronic Kidney Disease-Diagnosed Participants Analyzed From the Specific Health Checkups Results in Japan: TAMA MED Project-CKD.

Background: Since 2012, Tama City has promoted the early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD), through an initiative that measures serum creatinine as part of the specific health checkups. We examined preventive measures against CKD deterioration based on the outcomes of this initiative.

Methods: The complications, medication status, body mass index, smoking status and other determining factors were surveyed among CKD-diagnosed participants over 3 years between 2013 and 2015.

Association of adipocytokines with peritoneal function.

Background: Preservation of peritoneal function is crucial for the continuation of peritoneal dialysis (PD). A previous study suggested that blood cholesterol is involved in the preservation of peritoneal function; therefore, we determined whether adipocytokines can predict peritoneal function preservation.

Methods: Eighty patients were enrolled.

Primary Tumor Infiltration and Severe Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia.

In patients with hematologic malignancies, acute kidney injury (AKI) is the most common kidney complication requiring nephrologist consultation. Although the causes of AKI are multifactorial, primary tumor infiltration is rare in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). This makes it challenging to determine the cause of AKI and the optimal chemotherapy regimen for AML.

Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematopoietic Malignancies.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are considered common complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).

Objectives And Method: In this study, 114 patients who had undergone allo-HSCT were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the risk factors for onset of posttransplant AKI and CKD as defined by the new Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Results: Seventy-four patients (64.

Renal Complications after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Role of Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a widely accepted treatment for mainly hematopoietic disorders. Recent advances in transplantation techniques have increased the number of long-time survivors with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The presence of CKD affects outcomes and is associated with high mortality rates.

A case of female Fabry disease revealed by renal biopsy.

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inherited glycosphingolipid metabolism disorder, therefore, heterozygous female FD patients display highly variable clinical symptoms, disease severity, and pathological findings. This makes it very challenging to diagnosing female patients with FD. A 69-year-old Japanese female was introduced to the nephrologist for the evaluation of proteinuria.

Inhibition of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase protects against medial arterial calcification and improves survival probability in the CKD-MBD mouse model.

Medial arterial calcification (MAC) is a major complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and an indicator of poor prognosis. Aortic overexpression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) accelerates MAC formation. The present study aimed to assess whether a TNAP inhibitor, SBI-425, protects against MAC and improves survival probability in a CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) mouse model.

Metabolomics analysis elucidates unique influences on purine / pyrimidine metabolism by xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Clinically applied as anti-gout drugs, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, especially the potent, selective, non-purine-analog XOR inhibitors febuxostat and topiroxostat, exert organ-protective effects. We tested the hypothesis that preservation of tissue concentrations of high-energy phosphates, such as ATP and ADP, contributes to organ-protective effects through CE-TOFMS metabolomics.

Methods: Rats were subjected to 30 min of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury 60 min after oral administration of 10 mg/kg febuxostat, 10 mg/kg topiroxostat, 50 mg/kg allopurinol, or vehicle.

A case of membranous nephropathy diagnosed with lupus nephritis 11 years after onset.

A 34-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with lower extremity edema and proteinuria during pregnancy. Renal biopsy was performed and the patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome due to lupus-like membranous nephropathy. This diagnosis was reached upon as laboratory findings upon admission, wherein both anti-nuclear and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies revealed negative, did not fulfill the criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the patient did not reveal any typical physical manifestations of SLE.

Evaluation of 8-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir treatment in direct-acting antiviral-naïve noncirrhotic HCV genotype 1 and 2infected patients in a real-world setting in Japan.

Based on high efficacy and safety demonstrated in clinical trials, treatment with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for 8 weeks is recommended for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who are direct-acting antiviral (DAA) naïve, genotype 1 or 2, and noncirrhotic. The aim of this study was to validate real-world experience with 8-week G/P treatment in Japan. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 554 patients who underwent 8-week treatment from among 1,022 patients who initiated G/P therapy.

Efficacy of a Moisturizer for Pruritus Accompanied With Asteatosis in Dialysis Patients: An Open-Label, Randomized, Exploratory Study.

Background: In dialysis patients, skin disorders (dryness and itching) are frequently observed and treated with a moisturizer, in the absence of clear evidence of efficacy.

Study Design: An open-label, randomized, before/after, parallel-group, comparative/exploratory study.

Setting & Participants: 12 Japanese patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis who presented with dry skin and itching.

Influence of renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury on renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (24p3R) in rats.

The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) receptor (24p3R) is expressed in distal nephron and contributes to the endocytosis of NGAL in urine. This study was undertaken to evaluate an influence of renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury on 24p3R. Unilateral renal pedicle was clamped for 0, 10, 20, 30, or 45 minutes in male Wistar rats.

Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 interacts with the RING finger- and PDZ domain-containing protein PDZRN3.

Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter SMCT1 (SLC5A8) mediates monocarboxylate transport in the proximal tubule of the kidney. We have identified PDZK1 and PDZ domain-containing RING finger 3 (PDZRN3) as potent binding partners of SMCT1, which has a PDZ motif (Thr-Arg-Leu), by yeast two-hybrid screening and revealed that PDZK1 enhances the transport activity of SMCT1. In this study, we aimed to characterize the interaction between SMCT1 and PDZRN3 as well as to examine how PDZRN3 regulates SMCT1 function.

Closed Fracture Diagnosed by Bedside Ultrasonography During Hemodialysis: A Report of Seven Cases and Relevant Clinical Characteristics.

Background: Patients undergoing dialysis have a high incidence of fracture, and early diagnosis is important. We report seven cases of closed rib or upper-limb fractures diagnosed by bedside ultrasonography during maintenance hemodialysis sessions and describe relevant clinical characteristics.

Case Presentation: We identified seven patients who were injured by falls in their homes.

Correlation between Pathological Findings and the Usefulness of Clinical Guidelines for the Treatment of ANCA-Positive RPGN: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: The physical condition of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is at times too critical for physicians to undertake a renal biopsy. In such cases, physicians need to start treatments without determining the pathological features of the disease. However, the prevalent clinical practice guidelines for ANCA-associated RPGN in Japan do not necessitate the pathological findings in a renal biopsy for determining first-line treatments.