Novel deep-learning analysis for connective tissue disease -related interstitial lung disease extent assessment on CT: a preliminary cross-sectional study.

Objectives: Physician's evaluation of interstitial lung disease (ILD) extension with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has limitations such as lack of objectivity and reproducibility. This study aimed to investigate the utility of computer-based deep-learning analysis using QZIP-ILD® software (DL-QZIP) compared with conventional approaches in connective tissue disease (CTD) -related ILD.

Methods: Patients with CTD-ILD visiting our Rheumatology Centre between December 2020 and April 2024 were recruited.

Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity significantly impacts on the severity of interstitial lung disease.

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related interstitial lung disease (ILD) impacts on the treatment strategy and its prognosis in patients with RA. However, the relationship between RA disease activity and the severity of comorbid ILD has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RA disease activity on the severity of comorbid ILD in detail based on currently established visual scoring method along with physiological severity.

Associating the Severity of Emphysema with Coronary Flow Reserve and Left Atrial Conduit Function for the Emphysema Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease.

Purpose: Pulmonary emphysema may associate with ischemic heart disease through systemic microvascular abnormality as a common pathway. Stress cardiovascular MR (CMR) allows for the assessment of global coronary flow reserve (CFR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the emphysema severity and the multiple MRI parameters in the emphysema patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

The value of Bayesian penalized likelihood reconstruction for improving lesion conspicuity of malignant lung tumors on F-FDG PET/CT: comparison with ordered subset expectation maximization reconstruction incorporating time-of-flight model and point spread function correction.

Objective: To evaluate the value of Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction for improving lesion conspicuity of malignant lung tumors on F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET/CT) as compared with the ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstruction incorporating time-of-flight (TOF) model and point-spread-function (PSF) correction.

Methods: Twenty-nine patients with primary or metastatic lung cancers who underwent F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively studied. PET images were reconstructed with OSEM + TOF, OSEM + TOF + PSF, and BPL with noise penalty strength β-value of 200, 400, 600, and 800.

Usefulness of dictionary learning-based processing for improving image quality of sub-millisievert low-dose chest CT: initial experience.

Purpose: To develop a dictionary learning (DL)-based processing technique for improving the image quality of sub-millisievert chest computed tomography (CT).

Materials And Methods: Standard-dose and sub-millisievert chest CT were acquired in 12 patients. Dictionaries including standard- and low-dose image patches were generated from the CT datasets.

Endobronchial brachytherapy with curative intent: the impact of reference points setting according to the bronchial diameter.

Endobronchial brachytherapy (EBB) is an effective treatment for endobronchial tumors. However, bronchial toxicity caused by over-irradiation remains problematic. To decrease bronchial toxicity, we developed a source-centralizing applicator for EBB.

[A case of spectacular shrinking deficit caused by paradoxical cerebral embolism secondary to pulmonary arteriovenous fistula].

We report a case of spectacular shrinking deficit caused by paradoxical cerebral embolism through pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (AVF). A 79-year-old female suddenly developed right hemiplegia, paresthesia, and speech disturbance symptoms that were improved within 20 min, indicating a diagnosis of spectacular shrinking deficit. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute cerebral infarcts in the left parietal cortex of the left middle cerebral arterial territory.

CT of the chest with model-based, fully iterative reconstruction: comparison with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction.

Background: The recently developed model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) enables significant reduction of image noise and artifacts, compared with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) and filtered back projection (FBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate lesion detectability of low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) with MBIR in comparison with ASIR and FBP.

Methods: Chest CT was acquired with 64-slice CT (Discovery CT750HD) with standard-dose (5.

[Outcome for pulmonary metastases from malignant osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas].

We reviewed outcome for pulmonary metastases from malignant osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas. From January 2001 to December 2010, 43 patients with pulmonary metastases from malignant osteogenic and soft tissue sarcomas were treated. Twenty-four were male and 19 were female.

Assessment of factors influencing FDG uptake in non-small cell lung cancer on PET/CT by investigating histological differences in expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 and tumour size.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the major factors influencing on FDG uptake in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by investigating histological difference in the expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 (Glut-1 and Glut-3) and tumour size.

Methods: This study enrolled 32 patients including 9 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 23 with adenocarcinoma (AC). The AC cases comprised 16 AC with mixed subtypes (AC-mixed) and 7 localized AC in situ (localized bronchioloalveolar carcinoma).

Optimal scan parameters for CT fluoroscopy in lung interventional radiologic procedures: relationship between radiation dose and image quality.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between radiation doses and lung computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopic scan parameters and to determine optimal scan parameters for performance of lung interventional radiologic (IR) procedures.

Materials And Methods: The institutional review board approved this prospective study, which included 32 patients with a single lung tumor; written informed consent was obtained. CT fluoroscopic images were obtained with three tube voltages (80,120,135 kV) and three tube currents (10, 20, 30 mA) in each patient.

Massive hemoptysis from pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm caused by lung radiofrequency ablation: successful treatment by coil embolization.

A 75-year-old man received lung radiofrequency (RF) ablation to treat lung metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Massive hemoptysis occurred 1 week after lung RF ablation. Emergent contrast-enhanced CT and pulmonary arteriography revealed a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm, which was embolized with coils.

Absolute blood contrast concentration and blood signal saturation on myocardial perfusion MRI: estimation from CT data.

Purpose: To determine the optimal contrast injection rate and absolute blood gadolinium concentration for optimal first-pass imaging.

Materials And Methods: The concentration of contrast medium in left ventricle (LV) was estimated from dynamic computed tomography (CT) by administering iodinated contrast medium of volume (0.2 mL/kg) equivalent to 0.

Increased oxidative stress is associated with decreased circulating levels of adiponectin in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight men with normal glucose tolerance.

To investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and circulating levels of adiponectin in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight [MONW; BMI<25 and visceral fat area; VFA > or =100 cm2 by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning] men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), we measured the plasma levels of free 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2alpha) and adiponectin in 28 MONW and 23 normal men. The plasma levels of free 8-epi-PGF2alpha were measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI). The plasma levels of adiponectin were measured using a radioimmunoassay kit (LINCO Research, St.

Radiological and pathological correlation of lung malignant tumors treated with percutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

Radiological and histological correlation was evaluated in patients with malignant tumors of the lung that underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA). One of the patients had a primary lung tumor and another patient had three metastatic lung tumors. RFA was performed under computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopic guidance.

Decreased circulating levels of active ghrelin are associated with increased oxidative stress in obese subjects.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between active ghrelin and oxidative stress in obese subjects.

Design: We measured the plasma levels of free 8-epi-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha), a reliable and systemic marker of oxidative stress) and the active form of ghrelin in 17 obese and 17 normal subjects. The biologically active forms of ghrelin were measured using a commercially available radio-immunoassay kit and free 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) was measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit.

Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index is a useful indicator of insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

To clarify whether quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) is useful as an indicator of insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW, body mass index (BMI) <25 and visceral fat area (VFA) > or = 100 cm2 by abdominal computed tomography scanning) subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Insulin resistance was measured by QUICKI and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study (clamp IR) in 27 MONW and 27 normal subjects (BMI <25 and visceral fat area <100 cm2). QUICKI (P<0.

Circulating levels of active ghrelin is associated with abdominal adiposity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the circulating level of active ghrelin and abdominal adiposity, serum levels of insulin or insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Design: We measured the plasma levels of the active form of ghrelin in 18 obese and 18 nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit. Body fat accumulation was measured by computed tomography (CT) and insulin resistance by the glucose infusion rate (GIR) during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study.

Increased myocardial uptake of iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine on delayed images, compared with early images, in patients with multiple system atrophy.

We present 2 interesting cases of multiple system atrophy in which increased myocardial iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake was observed on delayed images (3 hours after injection) compared with early images (15 minutes after injection). These findings have not been previously described. The duration of symptoms was less than 1 year in both these patients.

Oxidative stress is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance in men.

To investigate the direct relationship of oxidative stress with obesity and insulin resistance in men, we measured the plasma levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in 14 obese and 17 nonobese men and evaluated their relationship with body mass index; body fat weight; visceral, sc, and total fat areas, measured by computed tomography; and glucose infusion rate during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp study. Obese men had significantly higher plasma concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha than nonobese men (P < 0.05).

Increased visceral fat and serum levels of triglyceride are associated with insulin resistance in Japanese metabolically obese, normal weight subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between visceral adiposity or triglyceride (TG) metabolism and insulin resistance in metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.

Research Design And Methods: We evaluated body fat areas, lipid profiles, and the glucose infusion rate (GIR) during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp study in 20 MONW subjects (BMI <25 kg/m(2)and visceral fat areas 100 cm(2)) with normal glucose tolerance. Body fat areas were measured by computed tomography scans.