Mechanism-guided engineering of a minimal biological particle for genome editing.

The widespread application of genome editing to treat and cure disease requires the delivery of genome editors into the nucleus of target cells. Enveloped delivery vehicles (EDVs) are engineered virally derived particles capable of packaging and delivering CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). However, the presence of lentiviral genome encapsulation and replication proteins in EDVs has obscured the underlying delivery mechanism and precluded particle optimization.

ANAC044 orchestrates mitochondrial stress signaling to trigger iron-induced stem cell death in root meristems.

While iron (Fe) is essential for life and plays important roles for almost all growth related processes, it can trigger cell death in both animals and plants. However, the underlying mechanisms for Fe-induced cell death in plants remain largely unknown. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) has previously been reported to regulate nitric oxide homeostasis to prevent Fe-induced cell death within root meristems.

New Productive Force: The Preliminary Report of First Craniofacial Surgical Robot IST Multicenter Clinical Trial in China.

Background: This paper presents the authors' team's research on a craniofacial surgical robot developed in China. Initiated in 2011 with government funding, the craniofacial surgical robot project was officially launched in Shanghai, developed jointly by the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University medical-engineering team. Currently, based on multiple rounds of model surgeries, animal experiments, and clinical trials, our team is applying for approval as a Class III medical device from the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA).

High-Pressure Polymerization of Phenol toward Degree-4 Carbon Nanothread.

Saturated sp-carbon nanothreads (CNTh) have garnered significant interest due to their predicted high Young's modulus and thermal conductivity. While the incorporation of heteroatoms into the central ring has been shown to influence the formation of CNTh and yield chemically homogeneous products, the impact of pendant groups on the polymerization process remains underexplored. In this study, we investigate the pressure-induced polymerization of phenol, revealing two phase transitions occurring below 0.

Exceptional Uptake, Limited Protein Expression: Liver Macrophages Lost in Translation of Synthetic mRNA.

Most gene therapies exert their actions via manipulation of hepatocytes (parenchymal cells) and the reasons behind the suboptimal performance of synthetic mRNA in non-parenchymal cells (NPC) such as Kupffer cells (KC), and liver macrophages, remain unclear. Here, the spatio-temporal distribution of mRNA encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (Egfp), siRNA, or both co-encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in the liver in vivo using real-time intravital imaging is investigated. Although both KC and hepatocytes demonstrate comparable high and rapid uptake of mRNA-LNP and siRNA-LNP in vivo, the translation of Egfp mRNA occurs exclusively in hepatocytes during intravital imaging.

Comparative genomic analysis unveiling the mutational landscape associated with premalignant lesions and early-stage gastric cardia cancer.

This study enrolled 10 patients diagnosed with premalignant lesions and early-stage gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), confirmed through endoscopic examination. These patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) using a customized 1123-gene panel to identify genetic alterations and signaling pathways. The results were compared to stage IIB to IV GCA samples from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and a cohort of Hong Kong patients.

Study on mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in the treatment of the hand-foot skin reaction induced by targeted drug therapy based on network pharmacology and molecular docking: An observational study.

Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, this study explored its active compounds and confirmed its potential mechanism of action against Hand-foot skin reaction induced by tumor-targeted drugs. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and UniProt Database were used to obtain the active ingredients and target proteins of Spatholobi Caulis. All hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR)-related targets were obtained with the help of the Human Gene Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Humans (OMIM), DisGeNET and DrugBank databases.

Analysis of influencing factors for complications of anterior thoracolumbar tuberculosis surgery in adults.

This study analyzes the risk factors related to the complications of anterior thoracolumbar tuberculosis in adults and to provide clinical reference. A total of 98 adult patients with thoracolumbar tuberculosis undergoing anterior surgery in our hospital from February 2020 to December 2023 were selected, and the clinical data and postoperative complications were collected. The clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the risk factors related to surgical complications were analyzed by univariate analysis and multi-factor logistic regression model.

Exosome-Mediated Lectin Pathway and Resistin-MIF-AA Metabolism Axis Drive Immune Dysfunction in Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by reduced platelet levels and heightened susceptibility to bleeding resulting from augmented autologous platelet destruction and diminished thrombopoiesis. Although antibody-mediated autoimmune reactions are widely recognized as primary factors, the precise etiological agents that trigger ITP remain unidentified. The pathogenesis of ITP remains unclear owing to the absence of comprehensive high-throughput data, except for the belated emergence of autoreactive antibodies.

A comparison of the clinicopathological features and genetic alterations in stage II/III gastric cancer with no recurrence, early recurrence and late recurrence after curative surgery.

Background: Few studies have explored the genetic changes and clinicopathological features of stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) patients with no tumor recurrence, early recurrence, or late recurrence after curative surgery.

Methods: In this study, 376 patients who underwent curative surgery for stage II/III GC were analyzed. The clinical and genetic features of patients with no recurrence, early recurrence (<2 years), and late recurrence (≥2 years) were compared.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in Humans Exhibit Resistance to Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Owing to the Diminished Level of Hsa-miR-125a-5p.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents an escalating public health challenge globally. However, drug resistance has emerged as a major impediment to successful HCC treatment, limiting the efficacy of curative interventions. Despite numerous investigations into the diverse impacts of hsa-miR-125a-5p on tumor growth across different cancer types, its specific involvement in chemotherapy resistance in HCC remains elusive.

Predictors of the efficacy of CO2 laser therapy for female stress urinary incontinence.

Background: Predictors of the efficacy of a single-session of CO2 laser therapy for female stress urinary incontinence are important for pretreatment consultation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate these predictors.

Methods: All consecutive women who underwent vaginal CO2 laser therapy for stress urinary incontinence were prospectively enrolled.

TSLP acts on regulatory T cells to maintain their identity and limit allergic inflammation.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine that promotes allergic responses and mediates type 2 immunity. A balance between effector T cells (T), which drive the immune response, and regulatory T cells (T), which suppress the response, is required for proper immune homeostasis. Here, we report that TSLP differentially acts on T versus T to balance type 2 immunity.

Multi-miRNAs-Mediated Hepatic Lepr Axis Suppression: A Pparg-Dicer1 Pathway-Driven Mechanism in Spermatogenesis for the Intergenerational Transmission of Paternal Metabolic Syndrome.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an "environmental obesogen" and this study aims to investigate the intergenerational impacts of BPA-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS), specifically focusing on unraveling mechanisms. Exposure to BPA induces metabolic disorders in the paternal mice, which are then transmitted to offspring, leading to late-onset MetS. Mechanistically, BPA upregulates Srebf1, which in turn promotes the Pparg-dependent transcription of Dicer1 in spermatocytes, increasing the levels of multiple sperm microRNAs (miRNAs).

Catalytic Hydrolysis of Perfluorinated Compounds in a Yolk-Shell Micro-Reactor.

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are emerging environmental pollutants characterized by their extreme stability and resistance to degradation. Among them, tetrafluoromethane (CF) is the simplest and most abundant PFC in the atmosphere. However, the highest C─F bond energy and its highly symmetrical structure make it particularly challenging to decompose.

The adiponectin-PPARγ axis in hepatic stellate cells regulates liver fibrosis.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key drivers of local fibrosis. Adiponectin, conventionally thought of as an adipokine, is also expressed in quiescent HSCs. However, the impact of its local expression on the progression of liver fibrosis remains unclear.

Impact of Symptoms on Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Wounds.

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among patients with chronic wounds and the impact of chronic wounds on QoL.

Methods: Researchers evaluated 200 patients with chronic wounds using a general information questionnaire, a modified version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Chinese version of the Cardiff Wound Impact Questionnaire. They performed correlation and linear regression analyses to explore the impact of symptoms on QoL.

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Tai Chi Chuan for Older Adults With Sleep Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sleep disorders and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) commonly coexist in older adults, increasing their risk of developing dementia. Long-term tai chi chuan has been proven to improve sleep quality in older adults. However, their adherence to extended training regimens can be challenging.

Life's Essential 8 and kidney stones in US adults: mediating roles of HDL and insulin resistance.

Background: The rising incidence of kidney stones underscores the imperative to devise effective preventive measures. While a robust association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney stones exists, the current research landscape lacks investigations between cardiovascular health (CVH) and kidney stones. This study aims to explore the association between CVH, assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8), and kidney stones, with the role of blood lipids and insulin resistance in this relationship.

Rnd3 Ameliorates Diabetic Cardiac Microvascular Injury via Facilitating Trim40-mediated Rock1 Ubiquitination.

Diabetic microvascular dysfunction is evidenced by disrupted endothelial cell junctions and increased microvascular permeability. However, effective strategies against these injuries remain scarce. In this study, the type 2 diabetes mouse model was established by high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection in Rnd3 endothelial- specific transgenic and knockout mice.

Analytical review of facial nerve palsy following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: comprehensive assessment.

Purpose: The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has reduced COVID-19 infection, though facial nerve palsy (FNP) has emerged as a notable side effect of the vaccine. We evaluated the current literature on the clinical presentation and outcomes of FNP related to COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: A comprehensive search of seven databases was conducted for studies up to January 2023.

The efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection in treating large esophageal subepithelial lesions.

Background: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) is considered an effective, safe and minimally invasive treatment for esophageal subepithelial lesions (SELs) with maximal dilameter less than 3.0 cm, yet its efficacy for lesions over 3.0 cm remains unclear.

Endoglin as a predictive biomarker for pemetrexed sensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer: a cellular study.

Objective: Based on our previous research, which demonstrated that elevated plasma endoglin (ENG) levels in lung cancer patients were associated with a better prognosis, increased sensitivity to pemetrexed, and enhanced tumor suppression, this study aims to validate these findings at the cellular level. The focus is on membrane and extracellular ENG and their influence on drug response and tumor cell behavior in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Methods: The correlation between ENG expression and pemetrexed-induced cytotoxicity in eight human non-squamous subtype NSCLC cell lines was analyzed.

Social Determinants of Uncorrected Distance and Near Visual Impairment in an Older Adult Population.

Purpose: Uncorrected visual impairment (VI) significantly impacts life quality and exacerbates age-related health issues. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with uncorrected VI, but quantitative evidence is limited. This study investigated the link between SDOH and uncorrected VI among aging adults to identify disparities and improve vision care.

Interplay between Cα Methylation and Cα Stereochemistry in the Folding Energetics of a Helix-Rich Miniprotein.

The α-helix is an abundant and functionally important element of protein secondary structure, which has motivated intensive efforts toward chemical strategies to stabilize helical folds. One such method is the incorporation of non-canonical backbone composition through an additional methyl substituent at the Cα atom. Examples of monomers include the achiral 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) with geminal dimethyl substitution and chiral analogues with one methyl and one non-methyl substituent.