Comparative Hypothalamic Proteomic Analysis Between Diet-Induced Obesity and Diet-Resistant Rats.

Obesity arises from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Even among individuals with the same genetic predisposition, diet-induced obesity (DIO) exhibits varying degrees of susceptibility, which are categorized as DIO and diet-induced obesity resistance (DR). The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in regulating energy homeostasis.

A Chemical Redox Cycling-Based Dual-Mode Biosensor for Self-Powered Photoelectrochemical and Colorimetric Assay of Heat Shock Protein.

To advance the biological understanding of heat shock protein (HSP) in different types of cancers, it is crucial to achieve its accurate determination. Herein, a dual-mode self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) and colorimetric platform was proposed by integrating enzymatic catalysis and a chemical redox cycling amplification strategy. In this system, ascorbic acid (AA), as the signal reporter for PEC and colorimetric assay, can be regenerated during the tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine-mediated chemical redox cycling process.

Vaccination with a DNA vaccine cocktail encoding TgROP2, TgROP5, TgROP9, TgROP16, TgROP17, and TgROP18 confers limited protection against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice.

Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which seriously threatens to human health and causes economic losses. At present, there is no effective vaccine strategy for the prevention and control of toxoplasmosis. T.

Molecular insights of T-2 toxin exposure-induced neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effect of dimethyl fumarate.

T-2 toxin, a potent environmental pollutant, has been proved to stimulate neuroinflammation, while the connection between T-2 toxin and pyroptosis remain elusive. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), recently identified as a neuroprotectant and pyroptosis inhibitor, has potential therapeutic applications that are underexplored. Based on present study in vitro and vivo, we demonstrated that T-2 toxin induced the activation of NLRP3-Caspase-1 inflammasome in hippocampal neurons.

The trophodynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine food webs: The importance of trophic level span from insights into Liaodong Bay (China).

The occurrence and trophic transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystems is vital to assess ecological risks. PAHs concentrations were analyzed in seawater, sediment, plankton, and marine species (15 fish species, 8 invertebrate species, 3 marine mammals), collected from Liaodong Bay (China). Bioaccumulation and biomagnification were calculated to demonstrate the biotransfer pattern of PAHs from the environmental matrix to high-level predators through the food web.

S2 subunit plays a critical role in pathogenesis of TW-like avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus.

To investigate the critical role of the S gene in determining pathogenesis of TW-like avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), we generated two recombinant IBVs (rGD and rGD) by replacing either the S1 or S2 region of GD strain with the corresponding regions from an attenuated vaccine candidate aGD strain. The virulence and pathogenicity of these recombinant viruses was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated the mutations in the S2 region led to decreased virulence, as evidenced by reduced virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryonic kidney cells as well as observed clinical symptoms, gross lesions, microscopic lesions, tracheal ciliary activity, and viral distribution in SPF chickens challenged with recombinant IBVs.

A facile strategy for the preparation of carbon nanotubes/polybutadiene crosslinked composite membrane and its application in osmotic energy harvesting.

The osmotic energy between riverine water and seawater can be converted into electricity by reverse electrodialysis (RED). However, the facile fabrication of advanced RED membranes with high energy conversion efficiencies, large areas, and excellent mechanical properties remains a challenge. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit excellent conductivity and provide suitable channels for ion transport but cannot form membranes independently, which limits the related applications in osmotic energy conversion.

Confined amphipathic ionic-liquid regulated anodic aluminum oxide membranes with adjustable ion selectivity for improved osmotic energy conversion.

To attain carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, there is an urgent need to convert the vast amount of blue energy present between seawater and river water into usable electricity. Reverse electrodialysis based on ion-exchange membranes is a promising way to efficiently achieve osmotic energy conversion. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes are frequently used for osmotic energy harvesting because of their uniform nanopore channels, high flux, and excellent stability.

Cu-MOFs/GOx Bifunctional Probe-Based Synergistic Signal Amplification Strategy: Toward Highly Sensitive Closed Bipolar Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay.

A closed bipolar electrochemiluminescence (BP-ECL) platform for sensitive prostate specific antigen (PSA) detection was proposed based on a novel synergistic signal amplification strategy. Specifically, glucose oxidase-loaded Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs/GOx) as bifunctional probes were bridged on the anodic interface with the target PSA as the intermediate unit. In virtue of the large loading capacity of Cu-MOFs, a large amount of a co-reactant, i.

Well-Defined Nanostructures by Block Copolymers and Mass Transport Applications in Energy Conversion.

With the speedy progress in the research of nanomaterials, self-assembly technology has captured the high-profile interest of researchers because of its simplicity and ease of spontaneous formation of a stable ordered aggregation system. The self-assembly of block copolymers can be precisely regulated at the nanoscale to overcome the physical limits of conventional processing techniques. This bottom-up assembly strategy is simple, easy to control, and associated with high density and high order, which is of great significance for mass transportation through membrane materials.

Polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide membrane with the sandwich structure for osmotic energy conversion.

Ion-selective membrane is the key component for osmotic energy conversion. Nanofluid channels based on two-dimensional materials have advantages of facile preparation, tunable channel size, and easy upscaling, which is promising for efficient osmotic energy harvesting. However, further improvement of the output power is hindered by the low ion sensitivity for the limited charge density.

Construction and Ion Transport-Related Applications of the Hydrogel-Based Membrane with 3D Nanochannels.

Hydrogel is a type of crosslinked three-dimensional polymer network structure gel. It can swell and hold a large amount of water but does not dissolve. It is an excellent membrane material for ion transportation.

Rice Stripe Virus Modulates the Feeding Preference of Small Brown Planthopper from the Stems to Leaves of Rice Plants to Promote Virus Infection.

Research on plant-virus-vector interactions has revealed that viruses can enhance their spread to new host plants by attracting nonviruliferous vectors to infected plants or driving viruliferous vectors to noninfected plants. However, whether viruses can also modulate the feeding preference of viruliferous vectors for different plant parts remains largely unknown. Here, by using rice stripe virus (RSV) and its vector, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), as a model, the effect of the virus on the feeding preference of its vector was studied by calculating the number of nonviruliferous and viruliferous SBPHs settling on different parts of rice plants.

Analyses on the Infection Process of Rice Virus and the Spatiotemporal Expression Pattern of Host Defense Genes Based on a Determined-Part Inoculation Approach.

Rice viral diseases adversely affect crop yield and quality. Most rice viruses are transmitted through insect vectors. However, the traditional whole-plant inoculation method cannot control the initial inoculation site in rice plants because the insect feeding sites in plants are random.

Genome Editing of Rice Loci Confers Partial Resistance to Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus.

Rice black-streaked dwarf disease, caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), is a serious constraint in Chinese rice production. Breeding disease-resistant varieties through multigene aggregation is considered an effective way to control diseases, but few disease-resistant resources have been characterized thus far. To develop novel resources for resistance to RBSDV through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, a guide RNA sequence targeting exon 1 of was designed and cloned into a binary vector, pHUE401.

Effects of microbial community and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) fed supplementary diets of tussah immunoreactive substances and antimicrobial peptides.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of tussah immunoreactive substances (TIS) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on microbial community and resistance against Vibrio splendidus of Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Scallops were fed with the basal diets supplemented with TIS (T group), AMPs (A group), or both of the two (TA group). After the feeding trial, the microbial community changes were evaluated, and the challenge test with V.

A membraneless self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensor based on BiS/BiPO heterojunction photoanode coupling with redox cycling signal amplification strategy.

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) self-powered system has attracted great attention in disease detection. The determination of a simple and efficient approach for disease-related biomarkers is highly interesting and appealing. Herein, an ingenious visible light-induced membraneless self-powered PEC biosensing platform was constructed, integrating a signal amplification strategy for ultrasensitive split-type PEC bioanalysis.

Photogenerated Hole-Induced Chemical-Chemical Redox Cycling Strategy on a Direct -Scheme BiS/BiMoO Heterostructure Photoelectrode: Toward an Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical Immunoassay.

To achieve high sensitivity for biomolecule detection in photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioanalysis, the ideal photoelectrode and ingenious signaling mechanism play crucial roles. Herein, the feasibility of the photogenerated hole-induced chemical-chemical redox cycling amplification strategy on a -scheme heterostructure photoelectrode was validated, and the strategy toward enhanced multiple signal amplification for advanced PEC immunoassay application was developed. Specifically, a direct Z-scheme BiS/BiMoO heterostructure was synthesized via a classic hydrothermal method and served as a photoelectrode for the signal response.

Liposome-assisted enzyme catalysis: toward signal amplification for sensitive split-type electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.

Developing an efficient signal amplification strategy is very important to improve the sensitivity of bioanalysis. In this paper, a liposome-assisted enzyme catalysis signal amplification strategy was developed for electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a split-type mode. The sandwich immunoreaction occurred in a 96-well plate, and glucose oxidase (GOx) encapsulated and antibody-modified liposomes were used as labels.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Defatted Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Pupa Protein by Combined Neutral Protease Yield Peptides With Antioxidant Activity.

In this study, peptides were prepared from defatted Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) pupa protein via hydrolysis with combined neutral proteases. Single-factor tests and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the optimal hydrolysis condition suitable for industrial application. Optimal hydrolysis of the defatted pupa protein was found to occur at an enzyme concentration of 4.

An attenuated TW-like infectious bronchitis virus strain has potential to become a candidate vaccine and S gene is responsible for its attenuation.

TW-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) with high pathogenicity is becoming the predominant IBV type circulating in China. To develop vaccines against TW-like IBV strains and investigate the critical genes associated with their virulence, GD strain was attenuated by 140 serial passages in specific-pathogen-free embryonated eggs and the safety and efficacy of the attenuated GD strain (aGD) were examined. The genome sequences of GD and aGD were also compared and the effects of mutations in the S gene were observed.

Enhanced protein phosphorylation in Apostichopus japonicus intestine triggered by tussah immunoreactive substances might be involved in the regulation of immune-related signaling pathways.

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an economically important species owing to its high nutritive and medicinal value. In order to avoid the pollution resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in A. japonicus aquaculture, various immunostimulants have been used as an alternative to improve the efficiency of A.

A ternary CdS@Au-g-CN heterojunction-based photoelectrochemical immunosensor for prostate specific antigen detection using graphene oxide-CuS as tags for signal amplification.

Photoactive materials with high photo-electron transfer efficiency and stable signal output hold a key role in constructing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing systems. In this study, the ternary CdS@Au-g-CN heterojunction was first prepared and characterized, and its application in PEC bioanalysis was explored. The gold nanoparticles sandwiched between CdS and g-CN, acting as both plasmonic photosensitizer and electron relay, significantly boosted the light absorption and accelerated the charge transfer from g-CN to CdS, both of which contributed to the enhancement of photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Copper ion modified graphitic CN nanosheets enhanced luminol-HO chemiluminescence system: Toward highly selective and sensitive bioassay of HS in human plasma.

A high-efficient chemiluminescence (CL) platform for highly selective and sensitive HS detection was constructed on the basis of the quenching effect of S on the copper ion modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (Cu-g-CN NSs) enhanced luminol-HO system. Cu-g-CN NSs with horseradish peroxidase-like catalytic activity were prepared and provide a great improvement for luminol-HO system. The presence of S induced the formation of CuS precipitate on g-CN NSs surface.

A novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots-HO chemiluminescence system for carcinoembryonic antigen detection using functional HRP-Au@Ag for signal amplification.

A novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NS-CDs)-HO chemiluminescence (CL) system was developed to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by taking advantage of dual-signal amplification of functional Au@Ag nanoparticles (NPs) nanoprobes. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the complementary DNA were co-immobilized onto Au@Ag NPs surface to shape the functional nanoprobes (HRP-Au@Ag-cDNA) for signal amplification. In this proposal, HRP-Au@Ag-cDNA was specifically hybridized with CEA aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads to form the double-strand hybridization nanocomposites (HRP-Au@Ag-dsDNA-MB).