Functional identification of a rice trehalase gene involved in salt stress tolerance.

Trehalose is a disaccharide with a pivotal role in plant growth and development. In contrast to the recent advances in understanding trehalose biosynthesis in plants, their catabolism of trehalose is poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized a trehalase gene, OsTRE1, in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Involvement of ethylene signaling in Azospirillum sp. B510-induced disease resistance in rice.

Unlabelled: A bacterial endophyte Azospirillum sp. B510 induces systemic disease resistance in the host without accompanying defense-related gene expression. To elucidate molecular mechanism of this induced systemic resistance (ISR), involvement of ethylene (ET) was examined using OsEIN2-knockdown mutant rice.

Periodic Fluctuation of Perceived Duration.

In recent years, several studies have reported that the allocation of spatial attention fluctuates periodically. This periodic attention was revealed by measuring behavioral performance as a function of cue-to-target interval in the Posner cueing paradigm. Previous studies reported behavioral oscillations using target detection tasks.

Spatial distortion related to time compression during spatiotemporal production in Parkinson's disease.

To produce coordinated manual actions within specific space and time, their relationship must be properly dealt with in a sensorimotor system. This study examined how such a coordination system might be impaired in normal aging and in Parkinson's disease (PD). Using a tablet device, young participants, elderly participants, and patients with PD were tested for concurrent production of distance and duration as well as single production of distance or duration alone.

Duration Adaptation Occurs Across the Sub- and Supra-Second Systems.

After repetitive exposure to a stimulus of relatively short duration, a subsequent stimulus of long duration is perceived as being even longer, and after repetitive exposure to a stimulus of relatively long duration, a subsequent stimulus of short duration is perceived as being even shorter. This phenomenon is called duration adaptation, and has been reported only for sub-second durations. We examined whether duration adaptation also occurs for supra-second durations (Experiment 1) and whether duration adaptation occurs across sub- and supra-second durations (Experiment 2).

Biochemical characterization of rice trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases supports distinctive functions of these plant enzymes.

Substantial levels of trehalose accumulate in bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates, where it serves as a storage carbohydrate or as a protectant against environmental stresses. In higher plants, trehalose is detected at fairly low levels; therefore, a regulatory or signaling function has been proposed for this molecule. In many organisms, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase is the enzyme governing the final step of trehalose biosynthesis.