Immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with lung cancer having chronic interstitial pneumonia.

Background: In interstitial pneumonia (IP)-associated lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICIP) is common with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the safety and efficacy of ICI treatment for patients with lung cancer with IP.

Methods: This multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted from June 2016 to December 2020 in patients with primary lung cancer with IP who received ICI treatment.

Risk factors and interventions for developing recurrent pneumonia in older adults.

Background: Pneumonia is common among older adults and often recurrent. Several studies have been conducted on the risk factors for pneumonia; however, little is known about the risk factors for recurrent pneumonia. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for developing recurrent pneumonia among older adults and to investigate methods of prevention.

Disseminated cryptococcosis in a renal transplant recipient.

Skin cryptococcosis often manifests as an umbilicated papule, and chest computed tomography findings of multiple nodules and cavities are also characteristic. The combination of characteristic cutaneous manifestations and radiological findings can help clinicians make an "at-a-glance" diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis.

Mendelson's syndrome complicated by bacterial aspiration pneumonia triggered by right putamen bleeding: A case report.

We present the case of an 80-year-old woman with Mendelson's syndrome complicated by bacterial aspiration pneumonia caused by consciousness loss followed by vomiting resulting from putamen bleeding. Her condition worsened rapidly to develop respiratory failure, within a few hours; thereafter, she was intubated. and were detected from the aspirated sputum sample culture.

Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with a unique imaging presentation of organizing pneumonia: A case report.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) constitutes a group of blood vessel inflammation diseases of autoimmune origin. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) ANCA is closely related to ANCA associated AAV. The MPO-ANCA positive AAV patients have lung involvement at high rates; however, there are only a few reported cases with organizing pneumonia (OP).

Safety of bronchoscopy in patients with malignant hematologic disorders.

Background: Factors affecting the safety of bronchoscopy in patients with malignant hematologic disorders have not been well described. We evaluated the safety of bronchoscopy and describe factors affecting its complication rate in such patients.

Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2018, 316 bronchoscopies in 282 patients with malignant hematologic disorders and pulmonary infiltrates were performed at our institution.

Squamous cell transformation as a mechanism of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitor in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma: a report of two cases.

Pathological transformation to squamous cell carcinoma after epidermal growth factor receptor ()-tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment has been reported, but details of the transformation remain unclear. We report two cases with transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. The first case was a 61-year-old man who was an ex-smoker with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harbouring exon 19 insertion.

Transformation of epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation-positive adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung to small cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma following osimertinib therapy: an autopsy case report.

A 59-year-old man with relapsed epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 19 deletion-positive stage IA adenosquamous carcinoma after lobectomy was treated with erlotinib and bevacizumab for 1 year followed by erlotinib alone for 1 year. Because of mediastinal and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and a nodule on the left anterior chest wall, the patient underwent repeat biopsy from the supraclavicular lymph node. Pathological analysis demonstrated adenosquamous carcinoma harbouring exon 19 deletion and T790M mutation.

Pneumatosis intestinalis induced by osimertinib in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation with simultaneously detected exon 19 deletion and T790 M point mutation: a case report.

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis is a rare adverse event that occurs in patients with lung cancer, especially those undergoing treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Osimertinib is the most recently approved EGFR-TKI, and its usage is increasing in clinical practice for lung cancer patients who have mutations in the EGFR gene.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old woman with clinical stage IV (T2aN2M1b) lung adenocarcinoma was determined to have EGFR gene mutations, namely a deletion in exon 19 and a point mutation (T790 M) in exon 20.

Various Bronchiolar Lesions Accompanied by Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis with a Usual Interstitial Pneumonia Pattern Demonstrating Acute Exacerbation.

A 63-year-old man presented with persistent cough and progressive dyspnea. Computed tomography showed irregular pleural thickening and fibrotic changes with volume loss in the upper lobes, and subtle reticulation in the lower lobes. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) was diagnosed based on the findings of a surgical lung biopsy.

Reduced area of the normal lung on high-resolution computed tomography predicts poor survival in patients with lung cancer and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema.

Background: This study aimed to determine the radiologic predictors and clarify the clinical features related to survival in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and lung cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical chart data and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings for 81 consecutive patients with CPFE and 92 primary lung cancers (70 men, 11 women; mean age, 70.9 years).

Gefitinib successfully administered in a lung cancer patient with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis after erlotinib-induced pneumatosis intestinalis.

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a rare complication of chemotherapy, characterized by multiple gas accumulations within the bowel wall.

Case Presentation: A 71-year-old woman with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive lung adenocarcinoma was admitted to our hospital because of reduced consciousness. She was diagnosed as having leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) using lumbar puncture.

The Diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila Serogroup 5 Bacteremic Pneumonia during Severe Neutropenia Using Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification.

A 60-year-old man developed pneumonia after undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for diffuse large-B cell lymphoma. A urinary antigen test and sputum culture were both negative for Legionella pneumophila; however, a sputum sample that was examined by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was positive for Legionella spp. On admission, the results of blood culturing using a BACTEC system were negative for 7 days.

[CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF 115 PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS WITH SPUTUM SMEAR-NEGATIVE].

[Methods] We retrospectively studied 115 con- secutive pulmonary tuberculosis patients whose sputum smear was .negative, diagnosed by positive culture and/or PCR of various samples, or positive QFT. [Results] The culture positive rate of tuberculosis by spu- tum, gastric aspirate, bronchoscopy, and computed tomogra- phy (CT)-guided needle biopsy samples was 55.

(R)-ACX, a pancreatic beta-cell selective sulfonylurea, does not aggravate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage.

The organ selectivity and the effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of (R)-acetoxyhexamide ((R)-ACX), a novel sulfonylurea, were examined. (R)-ACX, as well as glibenclamide, concentration-dependently stimulated insulin release from INS-1 cell, a cell line derived from pancreatic beta-cells. The potency of (R)-ACX was about 1/10 of that of glibenclamide.