Reliability and validity of gait dynamic balance assessment in adult spinal deformity patients using a two-point trunk motion measuring device.

Background Context: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients often complain of walking discomfort. However, dynamic balance evaluation methods of gait in ASD have not been well established.

Design: Case series study.

Surgical results for cervical spondylotic myelopathy with inconsistent between deep tendon reflex findings and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Background: To evaluate the surgical results of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) with inconsistency between deep tendon reflex findings and cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and to analyze the differences between patients with good and poor surgical outcomes.

Methods: We evaluated 50 subjects with CSM (30 males, 20 females; mean age: 70.4 years) who underwent posterior surgery and were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively.

Usefulness of modified S-line for upper instrumented vertebra selection in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Lenke type 2 curves.

No validated systems exist for selecting the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) for optimal postoperative shoulder balance in Lenke type 2 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). This study evaluated a new method for shoulder balance prediction using the modified Shinshu line (MSL) for UIV selection in AIS Lenke type 2 curves. Fifty-five consecutive AIS patients receiving posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for a Lenke type 2 AIS curve were retrospectively analyzed according to several UIV determination models.

Postoperative Residual Coronal Decompensation Inhibits Self-image Improvement in Adolescent Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between C7 plumb line (C7PL) decompensation and the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) 22-item patient questionnaire scores, including those related to self-image, preoperatively and 2 years after surgery.

Overview Of Literature: In the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), inferior trunk balance caused by C7PL decompensation can negatively affect patients' quality of life.

Hemoptysis due to progressive scoliosis associated with congenital heart disease: a case report.

Background: Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are associated with an increased incidence of scoliosis, often with severe progression. We report a case of hemoptysis caused by rapid scoliosis progression subsequent to surgery for CHD that was successfully managed by surgical curve correction following coil embolization.

Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl with scoliosis had undergone open heart surgery for CHD at the age of 1 year.

Frequency of Change in Assessment from Bony Union to Nonunion after Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Assessments of early postoperative bony union after posterior lumbar interbody fusion via computed tomography (CT) have revealed cases in which interbody fixation by bony union resulted in nonfusion due to bone absorption. The apparent bone union state reverted to a nonunion state several months later, exhibiting a so-called "fake union" phenomenon. Additionally, few reports have evaluated the effect of teriparatide on bony union.

How much residual deformity is acceptable according to SRS-22r and satisfaction scores after posterior spinal fusion for Lenke type 1 and 2 curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

Objective: In recent years, it has become possible to predict postoperative correction and residual deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery based on the technique used and extent of fixation. However, the recommended degree of correction has not yet been established. In this study, the authors aimed to clarify the extent to which a residual postoperative deformity would be acceptable according to Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22r and satisfaction scores after AIS surgery.

Comparison of fusion versus non-fusion surgery for retro-odontoid pseudotumor with atlanto-axial subluxation.

Background: Due to the limited number of reports comparing posterior fusion with posterior decompression alone for retro-odontoid pseudotumor, there remains no consensus on treatment preference, especially in older patients. This study compared posterior fusion (with or without additional decompression) with posterior decompression alone for treating spinal cord pressure from non-inflammatory retro-odontoid pseudotumor with atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS).

Methods: Forty-one patients (27 male and 14 female; mean age, 73.

Cervical myelopathy due to amyloid deposition with accompanying cardiac abnormalities.

Background: Amyloidosis is a rare group of diseases in which fibrillar amyloid proteins are deposited in systemic organs to result in functional disorder. However, amyloidosis affecting the cervical spine is very rare. We herein describe a case of systemic amyloidosis including a combination of cervical myelopathy with amyloid deposition and cardiac dysfunction due to cardiac amyloidosis.

Comparison of differences and random errors in pedicle diameter measurements between MRI and CT: observational study of 315 pedicles in Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Background Context: Posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screws is commonly used for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). To reduce radiation exposure, methods other than computed tomography (CT) are desirable for preoperative determination of pedicle diameter.

Purpose: Investigate the differences between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT measurements of pedicle diameter.

A Novel Technique for Cervical Microscopic Foraminotomy Utilizing Spinous Process Splitting: Microscopic Mini-Open Foraminotomy.

Introduction: In this study, we present "microscopic mini-open foraminotomy (MicroMOF)" as a new, less invasive method for posterior cervical foraminotomy.

Technical Note: Using surgical microscope guidance, the spinous process is hemi-split, and the posterior muscle is detached from the laminar subperiosteal surface. Bony resection is then performed obliquely from medial posterior to lateral anterior under lateral-tilted surgical field exposure.

Pre-operative angle of trunk rotation in prone position estimates postoperative correction results.

This study investigated whether postoperative rotational deformity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients could be predicted by prone-position pre-operative angle of trunk rotation (ATR).Surgical rib hump correction is performed with the patient in a prone position. However, the association between pre-operative ATR in the prone position and postoperative ATR results is unknown.

Pseudohypoxic brain swelling and secondary hydrocephalus with pseudomeningocele after lumbar surgery: a case report.

Background: Postoperative intracranial complications are rare in spine surgery not including cranial procedures. We describe an uncommon case of pseudohypoxic brain swelling (PHBS) and secondary hydrocephalus after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) presenting as impaired consciousness and repeated seizures.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man underwent L4-5 TLIF for lumbar spondylolisthesis and began experiencing generalized seizures immediately postoperatively.

Intraoperative Cone Beam CT in Hybrid Operation Room for Pediatric Scoliosis Patients: Comparison of Pedicle Screw Violation Rate at Normal and Low Radiation Doses.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of reducing the radiation dose of intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) during posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for pediatric scoliosis on the rate of pedicle screw (PS) violation.

Summary Of Background Data: Intraoperative CBCT for pediatric scoliosis improves the accuracy of PS insertion in PSF.

Adjacent segment pathology following posterior lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: a comparison between minimally invasive and conventional open approach.

Background Context: The minimally invasive (MI) approach in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) minimizes the muscle-stripping posterior exposure of the lumbar spine; therefore, it is hypothesized that such benefits would reduce adjacent segment pathology (ASP) development.

Objective: This study aimed to estimate the incidence of ASP following MI-PLIF.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Cobalt-chromium versus titanium alloy rods for correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on 1-year follow-up: a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objective: For instrumented correction surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), surgeons are increasingly switching from titanium (Ti) alloy rods to stiffer cobalt-chromium (CoCr) rods. The authors conducted the first multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate whether these materials affect the outcomes in terms of spine correction and quality of life (QOL). This trial was registered at UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on September 3, 2012, under the identifier UMIN000008838 (level of evidence 1).

Long-Term Surgical Results of Skip Pedicle Screw Fixation for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Minimum-Ten-Year Follow-Up Study.

Skip pedicle screw fixation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) requires fewer screws and can reduce the risk of neurovascular injury as compared with segmental pedicle screw fixation. However, the long-term impact of screw number reduction on correction and clinical results is unclear. This study examined the 10-year post-operative outcomes of skip pedicle screw fixation for patients with AIS.

Values for the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire in the general elderly population: A Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry.

Background: Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) is widely used as a patient-based evaluation tool for lumbar spine disease in Japan. However, there are currently few established JOABPEQ reference values for the general population. This study proposes population-based reference values for JOABPEQ using a randomly sampled Japanese cohort.

Scoliosis in Goldenhar syndrome with curve reversal during brace treatment: a case report.

Background: Goldenhar syndrome sometimes displays progressive scoliosis and other spinal deformities that require treatment. However, few reports exist on scoliosis correction in Goldenhar syndrome. We described the rare radiological outcomes of a patient with Goldenhar syndrome who received brace treatment for scoliosis.

Posterior Spinal Fusion for Severe Spinal Deformities in Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: Detailed Observation of a Novel Case and Review of 2 Reported Cases.

Background: Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14) is a recently delineated connective tissue disorder characterized by multisystem congenital malformations and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations. With only 2 cases of mcEDS-CHST14 containing precise information on surgical spinal correction being reported to date, there remains no consensus on treatment standards. This study describes the detailed clinical and radiologic outcomes of the third known patient with mcEDS-CHST14 who successfully underwent surgery for severe kyphoscoliosis.

Does Main Curve Flexibility Affect Screw Insertion Accuracy Using a CT-based Navigation System in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery?

Study Design: A retrospective single-center and single-surgeon study.

Objective: This study investigated the screw perforation rate according to main curve flexibility in pedicle screw fixation using a computed tomography (CT) guidance for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Summary Of Background: The authors have been using a CT-based navigation system during pedicle screw insertion for AIS to avoid serious neurovascular or visceral structure injury but suspect that high main curve flexibility may account for some breaches.

Selecting the C7-LIV Line Vertebra as the Upper Instrumented Vertebra for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Type 1A Curves: Multicenter and a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up Study.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Objective: We evaluated a new upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) selection method that used the modified Shinshu line (MSL) to establish the selected UIV as the MSL vertebra (MSLV).

Summary Of Background Data: No reports have addressed optimal UIV selection according to the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) for good trunk balance in Lenke 1A curves.

Residual thoracolumbar/lumbar curve is related to self-image after posterior spinal fusion for Lenke 1 and 2 curves in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients.

Objective: Although it is well known that major curve severity in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is inversely related to self-image, surgeons often encounter patients who complain of low self-image with preoperatively mild curves or postoperatively well-corrected main curves, suggesting the presence of other factors. This study examined factors contributing to self-image in AIS.

Methods: A total of 86 consecutive patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for AIS Lenke 1 or 2 curves and were followed for a minimum of 2 years were included in this study of patient self-image based on data that included scores reported on the Scoliosis Research Society survey (SRS-22r).

Posterior spinal fusion for severe kyphoscoliosis in a Loeys-Dietz syndrome patient with a large syringomyelia.

Spinal deformity is a characteristic feature of Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Surgical correction in LDS is indicated when the deformity is progressive to avoid neurological deficits, respiratory impairment, and back pain. However, few reports exist on the surgical treatment of spinal deformity in LDS, and no therapeutic standards have been established.