Optimizing nutrient transporters to enhance disease resistance in rice.

Fertilizers and plant diseases contribute positively and negatively to crop production, respectively. Macro- and micronutrients provided by the soil and fertilizers are transported by various plant nutrient transporters from the soil to the roots and shoots, facilitating growth and development. However, the homeostasis of different nutrients has different effects on plant disease.

Rice microRNA156/529-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7/14/17 modules regulate defenses against bacteria.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) microRNA156/529-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7/14/17 (miR156/529-SPL7/14/17) modules have pleiotropic effects on many biological pathways. OsSPL7/14 can interact with DELLA protein SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) to modulate gibberellin acid (GA) signal transduction against the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Cadmium accumulation regulated by a rice heavy-metal importer is harmful for host plant and leaf bacteria.

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd), one of the major toxic heavy metals, causes severe deleterious effects on all living organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Cadmium deposition affects bacterial diversity and bacterial population in soil. Cadmium accumulation in plants is mainly controlled by transporters and the resulting Cd enrichment gives rise to phytotoxicity.

An MKP-MAPK protein phosphorylation cascade controls vascular immunity in plants.

Global crop production is greatly reduced by vascular diseases. These diseases include bacterial blight of rice and crucifer black rot caused by pv. () and pv.

miR395-regulated sulfate metabolism exploits pathogen sensitivity to sulfate to boost immunity in rice.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant physiological activities. However, their roles and molecular mechanisms in boosting plant immunity, especially through the modulation of macronutrient metabolism in response to pathogens, are largely unknown. Here, we report that an evolutionarily conserved miRNA, miR395, promotes resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

The versatile functions of OsALDH2B1 provide a genic basis for growth-defense trade-offs in rice.

In plants, enhanced defense often compromises growth and development, which is regarded as trade-offs between growth and defense. Here we identified a gene, , that functions as a master regulator of the growth-defense trade-off in rice. OsALDH2B1 has its primary function as an aldehyde dehydrogenase and a moonlight function as a transcriptional regulator.

The host basal transcription factor IIA subunits coordinate for facilitating infection of TALEs-carrying bacterial pathogens in rice.

Many plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas rely largely on secreting virulence transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) proteins into plant nucleus to activate host susceptibility genes to cause disease, the process is dependent on pathogen TALEs association with host plants basal transcription factor IIA small subunit TFIIAγ. TFIIAγ together with large subunit TFIIAαβ constitute as a key component of RNA polymerase II complex for transcriptome initiation. However, whether TFIIAαβ coordinates or competes with pathogen TALEs for interaction with TFIIAγ to activate transcript of TALEs-targeting genes is unclear.

Jasmonic Acid-Involved OsEDS1 Signaling in Rice-Bacteria Interactions.

Background: The function of Arabidopsis enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (AtEDS1) and its sequence homologs in other dicots have been extensively studied. However, it is unknown whether rice EDS1 homolog (OsEDS1) plays a role in regulating the rice-pathogen interaction.

Results: In this study, a OsEDS1-knouckout mutant (oseds1) was characterized and shown to have increased susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

Rice group I GH3 gene family, positive regulators of bacterial pathogens.

Plant GH3 genes play pivotal roles in biotic stress through involving in hormonal homeostasis by conjugation to amino acids of the free-form of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) or indole-3-acetic acid. We recently showed that rice group I GH3 gene family, with four members, are the functional JA-Ile synthetases and positively mediated rice resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo).

The group I GH3 family genes encoding JA-Ile synthetase act as positive regulator in the resistance of rice to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Plant GH3 genes are key components of the hormonal mechanism regulating growth and development, responding to biotic and abiotic stress. GH3 proteins are involved in hormonal homeostasis through conjugation to amino acids of the free form of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Our previous work has uncovered that two GH3 genes encoding IAA-amido synthetase play important roles in the resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.

TALE-carrying bacterial pathogens trap host nuclear import receptors for facilitation of infection of rice.

Many plant-pathogenic Xanthomonas rely on the secretion of virulence transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins into plant cells to activate plant susceptibility genes to cause disease. The process is dependent on the binding of TALEs to specific elements of host target gene promoters in the plant nucleus. However, it is unclear how TALEs, after injection into host cells, are transferred from the plant cytoplasm into the plant nucleus, which is the key step of successful pathogen infection.

Dynamic phytohormone profiling of rice upon rice black-streaked dwarf virus invasion.

Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) is the causal agent of rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a serious constraint to rice production. A great deal of effort has been made to elucidate the transcriptome and proteome changes of rice upon virus inoculation. However, the relationship between RBSDV invasion and rice endogenous phytohormone profiling is largely unclear.

A Conserved Basal Transcription Factor Is Required for the Function of Diverse TAL Effectors in Multiple Plant Hosts.

Many bacteria use transcription activator-like effector (TALE) proteins to activate plant disease susceptibility () genes, and this activation contributes to disease. We recently reported that rice basal transcription factor IIA gamma subunit, OsTFIIAγ5, is hijacked by TALE-carrying infecting the plants. However, whether TFIIAγs are also involved in TALE-carrying -caused diseases in other plants is unknown.

pv. Inoculation and Growth Rate on Rice by Leaf Clipping Method.

Bacterial blight caused by pv. ) is one of the most serious bacterial diseases and a major impediment to the increase of rice yield. Appropriate methods for inoculation of and disease scoring are necessary to investigate the nature of the disease and the mechanism of plant resistance to the pathogen.