Spatial Organization of Macrophages in CTL Rich Hepatocellular Carcinoma Influences CTL Antitumor Activity.

Despite the pivotal role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in anti-tumor immunity, a substantial proportion of CTL-rich hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients experience early relapse or immunotherapy resistance. However, spatial immune variations impacting the heterogeneous clinical outcomes of CTL-rich HCCs remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the single-cell and spatial landscapes of 20 CTL-rich HCCs with distinct prognoses using multiplexed in situ staining and validated the prognostic value of myeloid spatial patterns in a cohort of 386 patients.

Suboptimal reporting of randomized controlled trials on non-pharmacological therapies in Chinese medicine.

With the successive release of the CONSORT extensions for acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, and Tuina/massage, this review aims to assess the reporting characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on these specific guidelines. A comprehensive review was conducted by searching multiple databases, including Embase, Ovid MEDLINE(R), All EBM Reviews, AMED, CNKI, VIP Chinese Medical Journal Database, and Wanfang Data, for publications from January 1 to December 31, 2022. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of the records, extracted predetermined information, and assessed the reporting based on the STRICTA, STRICTOM, STRICTOC, and STRICTOTM checklists.

Cholinergic macrophages promote the resolution of peritoneal inflammation.

The non-neural cholinergic system plays a critical role in regulating immune equilibrium and tissue homeostasis. While the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing acetylcholine biosynthesis, has been well documented in lymphocytes, its role in the myeloid compartment is less understood. Here, we identify a significant population of macrophages (Mϕs) expressing ChAT and synthesizing acetylcholine in the resolution phase of acute peritonitis.

Evaluation of compliance of CONSORT-CHM formula 2017 in randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine formulas: protocol of a five-year review.

The CONSORT Extension for Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula 2017 (CONSORT-CHM Formula 2017) has established a reporting standard for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula (CHMF) interventions; however, its adherence and implications for the design and execution of study design remain ambiguous. It is necessary to evaluate the level of compliance with the CONSORT-CHM Formula 2017 in RCTs conducted over the past 5 years, and to determine the reporting quality of clinical trials in this field. First, a systematic search is conducted for RCTs on CHMF in EBM Reviews, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), Embase, Ovid-MEDLINE(R), Wanfang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese Medical Journal Database (VIP) and Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM) database, that encompassed CHMF interventional RCTs published from 1 January 2018 to 8 June 2022, with language restriction to English or Chinese.

PERK reprograms hematopoietic progenitor cells to direct tumor-promoting myelopoiesis in the spleen.

The spleen is an important site of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) preconditioning and tumor-promoting myeloid cell generation in cancer, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) mediated HSPC reprogramming into committed MDSC precursors in the spleen via PERK-ATF4-C/EBPβ signaling. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of this pathway in murine and human HSPCs prevented their myeloid descendant cells from becoming MDSCs even with subsequent exposure to tumor microenvironment (TME) factors.

Optimized Intracellular Staining Reveals Heterogeneous Cytokine Production Ability of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells.

Under stress conditions, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can translate danger signals into a plethora of cytokine signals. These cytokines, or more precisely their combination, instruct HSPCs to modify the magnitude and composition of hematopoietic output in response to the threat, but investigations into the heterogeneous cytokine expression and regulatory mechanisms are hampered by the technical difficulty of measuring cytokine levels in HSPCs at the single-cell level. Here, we optimized a flow cytometry-based method for the simultaneous assessment of multiple intracellular cytokines in HSPCs.

Icaritin Induces Anti-tumor Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Splenic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Generation.

Recent studies have demonstrated that splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is an important mechanism for the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor tissues, and thus contributes to disease progression. Icaritin, a prenylflavonoid derivative from plants of the genus, has been implicated as a novel immune-modulator that could prolong the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, it is unclear whether icaritin achieves its anti-tumor effects via the regulation of MDSCs generated by EMH in HCC.

Myeloid signature reveals immune contexture and predicts the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUNDDespite an increasing appreciation of the roles that myeloid cells play in tumor progression and therapy, challenges remain in interpreting the tumor-associated myeloid response balance and its translational value. We aimed to construct a simple and reliable myeloid signature for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSUsing in situ immunohistochemistry, we assessed the distribution of major myeloid subtypes in both peri- and intratumoral regions of HCC.

Spleen mediates a distinct hematopoietic progenitor response supporting tumor-promoting myelopoiesis.

Cancer progression is associated with alterations of intra- and extramedullary hematopoiesis to support a systemic tumor-promoting myeloid response. However, the functional specialty, mechanism, and clinical relevance of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) remain unclear. Here, we showed that the heightened splenic myelopoiesis in tumor-bearing hosts was not only characterized by the accumulation of myeloid precursors, but also associated with profound functional alterations of splenic early hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs).

Involvement of p42/p44 MAPK, JNK, and NF-kappaB in IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression in human pulmonary epithelial cells.

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) has been shown to induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on airway epithelial cells and contributes to inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms regulating ICAM-1 expression by IL-1beta in human A549 cells was not completely understood. Here, the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-kappaB pathways for IL-1beta-induced ICAM-1 expression were investigated in A549 cells.