External Jugular Venous Aneurysm: A Case Report.

Venous aneurysms of the external jugular vein (EJV) are exceedingly rare. During the 21-year period from 2000 to 2020, only 30 cases were reported. There have been no reports of serious complications associated with EJV aneurysms.

K-point longitudinal acoustic phonons are responsible for ultrafast intervalley scattering in monolayer MoSe.

In transition metal dichalcogenides, valley depolarization through intervalley carrier scattering by zone-edge phonons is often unavoidable. Although valley depolarization processes related to various acoustic phonons have been suggested, their optical verification is still vague due to nearly degenerate phonon frequencies on acoustic phonon branches at zone-edge momentums. Here we report an unambiguous phonon momentum determination of the longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons at the K point, which are responsible for the ultrafast valley depolarization in monolayer MoSe.

Measurement error of network clustering coefficients under randomly missing nodes.

The measurement error of the network topology caused by missing network data during the collection process is a major concern in analyzing collected network data. It is essential to clarify the error between the properties of an original network and the collected network to provide an accurate analysis of the entire topology. However, the measurement error of the clustering coefficient, which is a fundamental network property, has not been well understood particularly from an analytical perspective.

Developmental changes in attention to social information from childhood to adolescence in autism spectrum disorders: a comparative study.

Background: Elucidating developmental changes in the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is important to support individuals with ASD. However, no report has clarified the developmental changes in attention to social information for a broad age range. The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes in attention to social information from early childhood to adolescence in individuals with ASD and typically developed (TD) children.

Reply to Correspondence on "Core Electron Topologies in Chemical Compounds: Case Study of Carbon versus Silicon".

In their Correspondence, von Szentpály, Schwarz, Stoll, and Werner claim that the main conclusions of our Communication previously published in this journal are based on computational artifacts and oversimplified models. We clarify the justification of our simple one-electron model to describe one-electron physics, and refute their criticism based on what they call "computational artifacts." We remind that our main conclusion on the crucial role of qualitative changes in core electron wavefunctions is evidenced not only by wavefunction topologies the complainants cling to, but also by several other physical observables, which remain unrefuted.

Effects of Self-myofascial Release Using a Foam Roller on Range of Motion and Morphological Changes in Muscle: A Crossover Study.

Yoshimura, A, Inami, T, Schleip, R, Mineta, S, Shudo, K, and Hirose, N. Effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roller on range of motion and morphological changes in muscle: a crossover study. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2444-2450, 2021-Self-myofascial release using a foam roller (FR) is effective in improving range of motion (ROM) in at least some conditions.

Core Electron Topologies in Chemical Compounds: Case Study of Carbon versus Silicon.

The similarities and differences between carbon and silicon have attracted the curiosity of chemists for centuries. Similarities and analogies can be found in their saturated compounds, but carbon exhibits a cornucopia of unsaturated compounds that silicon (and most other elements) cannot replicate. While this qualitative difference is empirically well known, quantum chemistry has previously only described quantitative differences related to orbital overlap, steric effects, or orbital energies.

Identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of retinoid X and retinoic acid receptors via quantum mechanics.

Understanding and identifying the receptor subtype selectivity of a ligand is an important issue in the field of drug discovery. Using a combination of classical molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical calculations, this report assesses the receptor subtype selectivity for the human retinoid X receptor (hRXR) and retinoic acid receptor (hRAR) ligand-binding domains (LBDs) complexed with retinoid ligands. The calculated energies show good correlation with the experimentally reported binding affinities.

Down-regulation of histone deacetylase 4, -5 and -6 as a mechanism of synergistic enhancement of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells treated with the combination of a synthetic retinoid, Am80 and green tea catechin.

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, acts as a synergist with various anticancer drugs, including retinoids. Am80 is a synthetic retinoid with a different structure from all-trans-retinoic acid: Am80 is now clinically utilized as a new drug for relapsed and intractable acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. Our experiments showed that the combination of EGCG and Am80 synergistically induced both apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line PC-9 and up-regulated expressions of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), death receptor 5, and p21 genes in the cells.

Am80-GCSF synergizes myeloid expansion and differentiation to generate functional neutrophils that reduce neutropenia-associated infection and mortality.

Neutrophils generated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) are functionally immature and, consequently, cannot effectively reduce infection and infection-related mortality in cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CCIN). Am80, a retinoic acid (RA) agonist that enhances granulocytic differentiation by selectively activating transcription factor RA receptor alpha (RARα), alternatively promotes RA-target gene expression. We found that in normal and malignant primary human hematopoietic specimens, Am80-GCSF combination coordinated proliferation with differentiation to develop complement receptor-3 (CR3)-dependent neutrophil innate immunity, through altering transcription of RA-target genes RARβ C/EBPε, CD66, CD11b, and CD18 This led to generation of functional neutrophils capable of fighting infection, whereas neutralizing neutrophil innate immunity with anti-CD18 antibody abolished neutrophil bactericidal activities induced by Am80-GCSF Further, Am80-GCSF synergy was evaluated using six different dose-schedule-infection mouse CCIN models.

Regulatory Mechanisms of Vitamin D on Production of Nitric Oxide and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Microglial BV-2 Cells.

Inhibition of pro-inflammatory functions of microglia has been considered a promising strategy to prevent pathogenic events in the central nervous system under neurodegenerative conditions. Here we examined potential inhibitory effects of nuclear receptor ligands on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in microglial BV-2 cells. We demonstrate that a vitamin D receptor agonist 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD3) and a retinoid X receptor agonist HX630 affect LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory factors.

Retinoic acid receptor agonist Am80 inhibits CXCL2 production from microglial BV-2 cells via attenuation of NF-κB signaling.

Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that retinoic acid receptor agonists such as Am80 exerts anti-inflammatory actions in the central nervous system, although detailed mechanisms of the action remain largely unknown. Our previous findings suggest that Am80 provides therapeutic effect on intracerebral hemorrhage in mice via suppression of expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2). Here we investigated the mechanisms of inhibitory action of Am80 on expression of CXCL2 and other pro-inflammatory factors in microglial BV-2 cells.

Rescue of Hypovitaminosis A Induces Non-Amyloidogenic Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Processing.

Retinoic acid, the bioactive metabolite of beta-carotene or vitamin A, plays a pleiotropic, multifunctional role in vertebrate development. Studies in rodents revealed that a diet deficient in vitamin A results in a complex neonatal syndrome (the VAD syndrome), manifested in many organs. In humans, the function of retinoic acid (RA) extends into adulthood, where it has important roles in fertility, vision, and suppression of neoplastic growth.

Tamibarotene Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Dermal Fibrosis by Modulating Phenotypes of Fibroblasts, Endothelial Cells, and Immune Cells.

Tamibarotene (Am80) is a synthetic retinoid that modulates the pathologic processes of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and their animal models. We here investigated the therapeutic potential of Am80 against systemic sclerosis using its animal models. Am80 significantly attenuated dermal and hypodermal fibrosis in bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice and tight skin 1 mice, respectively.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and neurite outgrowth via non-classical retinoic acid receptor signaling in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

We have previously shown that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) stimulation by an agonist Am80 recruits nitric oxide-dependent signaling via increased expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in rat midbrain slice cultures. Using neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, here we investigated the mechanisms of RAR-induced nNOS expression, together with relationship between nNOS expression and neurite outgrowth. Am80 promoted neurite outgrowth, which was attenuated by inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; LY294002), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK; SP600125) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK; SB203580).

Docking simulations suggest that all-trans retinoic acid could bind to retinoid X receptors.

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are ligand-controlled transcription factors which heterodimerize with other nuclear receptors to regulate gene transcriptions associated with crucial biological events. 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA), which transactivates RXRs, is believed to be an endogenous RXR ligand. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a natural ligand for retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which heterodimerize with RXRs.

Effect of epithelial cells derived from periodontal ligament on osteoblast-like cells in a Transwell membrane coculture system.

Background And Objective: The epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) are developmental residues of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, and they are present throughout life in the periodontal ligament. Previous studies have shown that ERM induce cementogenesis or inhibit cement-osteogenesis. This study investigated how ERM cells are involved in osteoblast mineralization in an in vitro coculture system.

Clusterization modes of Ti on TiO2(1 1 0)-1 × 1 due to stablization by catalytic suboxide formation.

The electronic states of individual clusters formed from Ti deposition on a TiO(2)(1 1 0)-1 × 1 surface were measured using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). The results of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) suggests that as the amount of deposited Ti increased, at a critical height of 1.4 nm, the cluster growth changes from vertical oxide formation to lateral growth.

Terahertz-field-induced nonlinear electron delocalization in Au nanostructures.

Improved control over the electromagnetic properties of metal nanostructures is indispensable for the development of next-generation integrated nanocircuits and plasmonic devices. The use of terahertz (THz)-field-induced nonlinearity is a promising approach to controlling local electromagnetic properties. Here, we demonstrate how intense THz electric fields can be used to modulate electron delocalization in percolated gold (Au) nanostructures on a picosecond time scale.

Pulmonary administration of Am80 regenerates collapsed alveoli.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an intractable pulmonary disease, which causes widespread and irreversible alveoli collapse. Nevertheless, there is no effective drug therapy that regenerates lung tissue or prevents the progression of COPD and clinical management of patients remains mostly supportive. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Am80 is useful as a novel pulmonary emphysema therapeutic drug.

Transdermal administration of aqueous pregabalin solution as a potential treatment option for patients with neuropathic pain to avoid central nervous system-mediated side effects.

Pregabalin, (S)-3-isobutyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is a widely used adjuvant therapy for patients with neuropathic pain, which is defined as chronic pain caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. However, dizziness and somnolence (sleepiness) are common dose-limiting side effects, probably due to excessive sedative effects on higher centers of the central nervous system (CNS) which are involved in the anticonvulsant and analgesic actions of pregabalin. We speculated that transdermal delivery would minimize centrally mediated side effects.

Cooperative therapeutic action of retinoic acid receptor and retinoid x receptor agonists in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative process involving amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide deposition, neuroinflammation, and progressive memory loss. Here, we evaluated whether oral administration of retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α,β agonist Am80 (tamibarotene) or specific retinoid X receptor (RXR) pan agonist HX630 or their combination could improve deficits in an AD model, 8.5-month-old amyloid-β protein precursor 23 (AβPP23) mice.

Potent oxazolidinone antibacterials with heteroaromatic C-ring substructure.

Novel oxazolidinone analogues bearing a condensed heteroaromatic ring as the C-ring substructure were synthesized as candidate antibacterial agents. Analogues 16 and 21 bearing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and 18 and 23 bearing [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine as the C-ring had excellent in vitro antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). They also showed promising therapeutic effects in a mouse model of lethal infection.