Organ-level instance segmentation enables continuous time-space-spectrum analysis of pre-clinical abdominal photoacoustic tomography images.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), as a novel biomedical imaging technique, is able to capture temporal, spatial and spectral tomographic information from organisms. Organ-level multi-parametric analysis of continuous PAT images are of interest since it enables the quantification of organ specific morphological and functional parameters in small animals. Accurate organ delineation is imperative for organ-level image analysis, yet the low contrast and blurred organ boundaries in PAT images pose challenge for their precise segmentation.

Spiral scanning and self-supervised image reconstruction enable ultra-sparse sampling multispectral photoacoustic tomography.

Multispectral photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an imaging modality that utilizes the photoacoustic effect to achieve non-invasive and high-contrast imaging of internal tissues but also molecular functional information derived from multi-spectral measurements. However, the hardware cost and computational demand of a multispectral PAT system consisting of up to thousands of detectors are huge. To address this challenge, we propose an ultra-sparse spiral sampling strategy for multispectral PAT, which we named U3S-PAT.

Image reconstruction of multispectral sparse sampling photoacoustic tomography based on deep algorithm unrolling.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), as a novel medical imaging technology, provides structural, functional, and metabolism information of biological tissue . Sparse Sampling PAT, or SS-PAT, generates images with a smaller number of detectors, yet its image reconstruction is inherently ill-posed. Model-based methods are the state-of-the-art method for SS-PAT image reconstruction, but they require design of complex handcrafted prior.

Model-based quantitative photoacoustic tomography with directional total variation.

In photoacoustic tomography (PAT), acoustic inversion aims to recover the spatial distribution of light energy deposition within the imaging object from the signals captured by detectors. To achieve quantitative imaging, optical inversion is further employed to derive absorption coefficient (AC) images. However, limitations such as restricted detection angles and inherent noise lead to substantial artifacts and degradation in the quality of PAT images, consequently affecting the accuracy of optical inversion results.

Combination of UGT1A1 polymorphism and baseline plasma bilirubin levels in predicting the risk of antipsychotic-induced dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients.

The prolonged usage of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) among individuals with schizophrenia often leads to metabolic side effects such as dyslipidemia. These effects not only limit one's selection of AAPD but also significantly reduce compliance and quality of life of patients. Recent studies suggest that bilirubin plays a crucial role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and may be a potential pre-treatment biomarker for individuals with dyslipidemia.

Deep learning acceleration of iterative model-based light fluence correction for photoacoustic tomography.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a promising imaging technique that can visualize the distribution of chromophores within biological tissue. However, the accuracy of PAT imaging is compromised by light fluence (LF), which hinders the quantification of light absorbers. Currently, model-based iterative methods are used for LF correction, but they require extensive computational resources due to repeated LF estimation based on differential light transport models.

Unsupervised Fusion of Misaligned PAT and MRI Images via Mutually Reinforcing Cross-Modality Image Generation and Registration.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are two advanced imaging techniques widely used in pre-clinical research. PAT has high optical contrast and deep imaging range but poor soft tissue contrast, whereas MRI provides excellent soft tissue information but poor temporal resolution. Despite recent advances in medical image fusion with pre-aligned multimodal data, PAT-MRI image fusion remains challenging due to misaligned images and spatial distortion.

CylinGCN: Cylindrical structures segmentation in 3D biomedical optical imaging by a contour-based graph convolutional network.

Cylindrical organs, e.g., blood vessels, airways, and intestines, are ubiquitous structures in biomedical optical imaging analysis.

Automatic 3D reconstruction of an anatomically correct upper airway from endoscopic long range OCT images.

Endoscopic airway optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive and high resolution imaging modality for the diagnosis and analysis of airway-related diseases. During OCT imaging of the upper airway, in order to reliably characterize its 3D structure, there is a need to automatically detect the airway lumen contour, correct rotational distortion and perform 3D airway reconstruction. Based on a long-range endoscopic OCT imaging system equipped with a magnetic tracker, we present a fully automatic framework to reconstruct the 3D upper airway model with correct bending anatomy.

Learning spatially variant degradation for unsupervised blind photoacoustic tomography image restoration.

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) images contain inherent distortions due to the imaging system and heterogeneous tissue properties. Improving image quality requires the removal of these system distortions. While model-based approaches and data-driven techniques have been proposed for PAT image restoration, achieving accurate and robust image recovery remains challenging.

In vivo co-registered hybrid-contrast imaging by successive photoacoustic tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offer two distinct image contrasts. To integrate these two modalities, we present a comprehensive hardware-software solution for the successive acquisition and co-registration of PAT and MRI images in in vivo animal studies. Based on commercial PAT and MRI scanners, our solution includes a 3D-printed dual-modality imaging bed, a 3-D spatial image co-registration algorithm with dual-modality markers, and a robust modality switching protocol for in vivo imaging studies.

Astrocyte dysfunction drives abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a devastating mental disorder that affects up to 17% of the population worldwide. Although brain-wide network-level abnormalities in MDD patients via resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) exist, the mechanisms underlying these network changes are unknown, despite their immense potential for depression diagnosis and management. Here, we show that the astrocytic calcium-deficient mice, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-type-2 receptor knockout mice ( mice), display abnormal rsfMRI functional connectivity (rsFC) in depression-related networks, especially decreased rsFC in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-related pathways.

Pixel-wise reconstruction of tissue absorption coefficients in photoacoustic tomography using a non-segmentation iterative method.

In Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT), the acquired image represents a light energy deposition map of the imaging object. For quantitative imaging, the PAT image is converted into an absorption coefficient ( ) map by dividing the light fluence (LF). Previous methods usually assume a uniform tissue distribution, and consequently degrade the LF correction results.

Diminished treatment response in relapsed versus first-episode schizophrenia as revealed by a panel of blood-based biomarkers: A combined cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

There is a paucity of biomarkers for the prediction of treatment response in schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether diminished antipsychotic treatment response in relapsed versus first-episode schizophrenia can be revealed and predicted by a panel of blood-based biomarkers. A cross-sectional cohort consisting of 655 schizophrenia patients at different episodes and 606 healthy controls, and a longitudinal cohort including 52 first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients treated with the same antipsychotic drugs during the 5-year follow-up of their first three episodes were enrolled.

Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in First-Episode Bipolar Disorder Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Currently no study has examined the effects of probiotic administration on the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and mania, as well as their correlations with the biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with bipolar disorder (BPD). The aim of this study is to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on plasma oxidative stress-related biomarkers and different domains of clinical symptom in patients suffering from BPD. Eighty first-episode drug-naive patients with BPD were recruited.

Disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in drug-naïve, first-episode major depressive disorder: a comparative study on adult and adolescent cohorts.

Neurotransmitter metabolism plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether the neurotransmitter metabolism in adolescent MDD is differentiated from adult MDD is still elusive. In the current study, plasma concentrations of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters as well as their metabolites, including tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), norepinephrine (NE), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), glutamine (GLN), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were measured and compared in two cohorts of subjects (adult cohort: 31 first-episode MDD vs.

MRI Information-Based Correction and Restoration of Photoacoustic Tomography.

As an emerging molecular imaging modality, Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) is capable of mapping tissue physiological metabolism and exogenous contrast agent information with high specificity. Due to its ultrasonic detection mechanism, the precise localization of targeted lesions has long been a challenge for PAT imaging. The poor soft-tissue contrast of the PAT image makes this process difficult and inaccurate.

Automatic correction of the initial rotation angle error improves 3D reconstruction in endoscopic airway optical coherence tomography.

Endoscopic airway optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an advanced imaging modality capable of capturing the internal anatomy and geometry of the airway. Due to fiber-optic catheter bending and friction, the rotation speed of the endoscopic probe is usually non-uniform: at each B-scan image, the initial rotation angle of the probe is easily misaligned with that of the previous slices. During the pullback operation, this initial rotation angle error (IRAE) will be accumulated and will result in distortion and deformation of the reconstructed 3D airway structure.

Clozapine Induced Disturbances in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism: The Potential Role of PGRMC1 Signaling.

Newly emerging evidence has implicated that progesterone receptor component 1 (PGRMC1) plays a novel role not only in the lipid disturbance induced by atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPD) but also in the deterioration of glucose homoeostasis induced by clozapine (CLZ) treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PGRMC1 signaling on hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in male rats following CLZ treatment (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks). Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) were constructed for the knockdown or overexpression of hepatic PGRMC1.

Multispectral interlaced sparse sampling photoacoustic tomography based on directional total variation.

Background And Objective: Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is capable of obtaining cross-sectional images of small animals that represent the optical absorption of biological tissues. The multispectral Interlaced Sparse Sampling PAT, or ISS-PAT, is a previously proposed PAT imaging method that offered high quality images with much sparser transducer angular coverage. Although it provides superior imaging performance, the original ISS-PAT method suffered from a heavy computation burden, which hinders its practical application.

Automatic 3-D segmentation and volumetric light fluence correction for photoacoustic tomography based on optimal 3-D graph search.

Preclinical imaging with photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has attracted wide attention in recent years since it is capable of providing molecular contrast with deep imaging depth. The automatic extraction and segmentation of the animal in PAT images is crucial for improving image analysis efficiency and enabling advanced image post-processing, such as light fluence (LF) correction for quantitative PAT imaging. Previous automatic segmentation methods are mostly two-dimensional approaches, which failed to conserve the 3-D surface continuity because the image slices were processed separately.

Repurposing of Anti-Diabetic Agents as a New Opportunity to Alleviate Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Cognitive impairment is a shared abnormality between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and many neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Emerging evidence suggests that brain insulin resistance plays a significant role in cognitive deficits, which provides the possibility of anti-diabetic agents repositioning to alleviate cognitive deficits. Both preclinical and clinical studies have evaluated the potential cognitive enhancement effects of anti-diabetic agents targeting the insulin pathway.

Wireless multilateral devices for optogenetic studies of individual and social behaviors.

Advanced technologies for controlled delivery of light to targeted locations in biological tissues are essential to neuroscience research that applies optogenetics in animal models. Fully implantable, miniaturized devices with wireless control and power-harvesting strategies offer an appealing set of attributes in this context, particularly for studies that are incompatible with conventional fiber-optic approaches or battery-powered head stages. Limited programmable control and narrow options in illumination profiles constrain the use of existing devices.