Roles of naïve CD4 T cells and their differentiated subtypes in lung adenocarcinoma and underlying potential regulatory pathways.

Background: Naïve CD4 T cells and their differentiated counterparts play a significant regulatory role in the tumor immune microenvironment, yet their effects on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are not fully understood.

Methods: We utilized Mendelian randomization to assess the causal association between naïve CD4 T cells and LUAD. Employing a modified single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we determined the infiltration levels of naïve CD4 T cells and their differentiation subtypes and investigated their correlation with clinical characteristics.

Unveiling the hidden role of extracellular vesicles in brain metastases: a comprehensive review.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, transparent vesicles that can be found in various biological fluids and are derived from the amplification of cell membranes. Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated that EVs play a crucial regulatory role in tumorigenesis and development, including the progression of metastatic tumors in distant organs. Brain metastases (BMs) are highly prevalent in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, and patients often experience serious complications and are often associated with a poor prognosis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment beyond progression with prior immunotherapy in patients with driver-gene negative advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: No definite conclusion has yet to be reached for immunotherapy beyond progression(IBP) of first-line immunotherapy as the second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients with negative driver genes. Therefore a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IBP in this population and investigated whether the cycles best response and progressive mode of first-line immunotherapy could affect the results.

Patients And Methods: The clinical data of patients with advanced NSCLC whose response was evaluated as progressive disease (PD) after receiving a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy were retrospectively collected and the patients were assigned to the IBP and non-IBP groups.

Immunotherapy combined with cranial radiotherapy for driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective study.

This study assesses immune checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastases (BM) and explores the role of cranial radiation therapy (CRT) in the immunotherapy era. The retrospective analysis screened NSCLC patients with BMs from July 2018 to December 2021. Treatment involved chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors as the first-line, with patients divided into CRT and non-CRT groups.

Antiprogrammed death ligand 1 therapy failed to reduce the risk of developing brain metastases in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Immunotherapy (IO) has demonstrated promising results in treating extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), and the management of ES-SCLC brain metastases (BMs) is now receiving significant clinical attention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of IO in the clinical management of BMs.

Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2021, the study included the records of 250 patients who were diagnosed with ES-SCLC.

Programmed cell death 1 pathway inhibitors improve the overall survival of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for brain metastases with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors at our institution from January 2019 to January 2021. Patients were divided into two groups.

Two novel MKKs (MKK4 and MKK7) from Ctenopharyngodon idella are involved in the intestinal immune response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide challenge.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediates of the MAPK signalling pathway that can be activated by a diverse range of pathogenic stimuli and are crucial for the regulation of host immune defence. In this study, two fish MKK genes (CiMKK4 and CiMKK7) were first identified and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Similar to other reported MKKs, the present CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 contained a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain and a canonical dual phosphorylation motif.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 is involved in the immune response to bacterial di-/tripeptide challenge in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MKK6) is an essential component of the p38MAPK signaling pathway, which is involved in the modulation of inflammation, cell apoptosis and survival responses in mammals. However, the function of MKK6s in teleosts is still unclear. In this study, a fish MKK6 homolog (CiMKK6) was first identified from the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a freshwater fish.

Molecular characterization and dietary regulation of aminopeptidase N (APN) in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a member of the peptidase M1 family and plays an important role in protein digestion. In the present study, an APN gene was cloned from the intestine of Ctenopharyngodon idellus. The full-length cDNA sequence of APN encodes an 892-amino-acid peptide that includes one helix trans-membrane region.

Characterization and dietary regulation of oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) in different ploidy fishes.

The oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) is located on the brush-border membrane of the intestinal epithelium which has been regarded as a mediator of protein absorption. Here, we cloned and characterized PepT1 genes from diploid (red crucian carp), triploid and tetraploid fish. Then, the PepT1 expression pattern in different tissues and embryogenesis were assayed.

Characterization of oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

The oligopeptide transporter (PepT1) is located on the brush-border membrane of the intestinal epithelium, and plays an important role in dipeptide and tripeptide absorptions from protein digestion. In this study, we cloned the PepT1 cDNA from grass carp and characterized its expression profile in response to dietary protein and feed additives (sodium butyrate) treatments. The PepT1 gene encodes a protein of 714 amino acids with high sequence similarity with other vertebrate homologues.

Isolation and evaluation of 18 microsatellite markers in Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky).

Eighteen novel microsatellite markers were isolated in the Chinese perch Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky) using the FIASCO method, from (AC/TG)(n) , (AG/TC)(n) , (AT/TA)(n) , (GATA/CTAT)(n) and (GATT/CTAA)(n) repeat genomic libraries. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight in a sample of 30 individuals from a wild population. Observed heterozygosity was between 0.

[Microsatellite marker analysis of genetic variation between the allotetraploid crucian-carp and their original parents].

Twelve individuals from the allotetraploid crucian-carp,common carp, and red crucian carp were analyzed by using 32 pairs microsatellite primers of the poly (CA) type which were isolated from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by Crooijmans et al. Electrophoretogram patterns showed that 15 pairs of microsatellite primers reproducibly produced the well-identifiable bands.

[Toxicity of surfactant, acid rain and Cd2+ combined pollution to the nucleus of Vicia faba root tip cells].

The toxicity of Cd2+ and its combination with surfactant or simulated acid rain to Vicia faba root tip cell was studied by using micro-nucleus technique. The results showed that the formation of micro-nucleus in Vicia faba root tip cell was strongly induced by Cd2+ in its concentration of 0-10.0 mg.