A quadri-fluorescence SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus system for efficient antigenic characterization of multiple circulating variants.

The ongoing co-circulation of multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains necessitates advanced methods such as high-throughput multiplex pseudovirus systems for evaluating immune responses to different variants, crucial for developing updated vaccines and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). We have developed a quadri-fluorescence (qFluo) pseudovirus platform by four fluorescent reporters with different spectra, allowing simultaneous measurement of the nAbs against four variants in a single test. qFluo shows high concordance with the classical single-reporter assay when testing monoclonal antibodies and human plasma.

Condensed tannin accretions specifically distributed in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves help in salt tolerance.

Auto-fluorescent condensed tannins specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells of non-salt secretor mangroves are involved in the compartmentation of Na and osmotic regulation, contributing to their salt tolerance. Salinity is a major abiotic stress affecting the distribution and growth of mangrove plants. The salt exclusion mechanism from salt secretor mangrove leaves is quite known; however, salt management strategies in non-salt secretor leaves remain unclear.