[Clinical characteristics of children with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis].

Objectives: To study the clinical characteristics of children with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 25 children diagnosed with AAV at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2010 to June 2022.

Results: Among the AAV children, there were 5 males and 20 females, with a median age of onset of 11.

A retrospective study on the characteristics of renal pathological grades in HSPN children with mild to moderate proteinuria.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of renal pathological grades in Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) children with mild to moderate proteinuria and the correlation between pathological grade and severity of proteinuria among this population.

Methods: HSPN children who were presented with mild (150 mg <24 h urinary protein <25 mg/kg) to moderate (25 mg/kg ≤24 h urinary protein <50 mg/kg) proteinuria and performed renal biopsy without steroid ± immunosuppressant treatment in the Second Xiangya Hospital between January 2010 and March 2021 were involved. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between age, disease course, degree of proteinuria, type of immunoglobulin deposits, C3 deposits in glomeruli and renal pathological grade.

Genetic mutational testing of Chinese children with familial hematuria with biopsy‑proven FSGS.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a pathological lesion rather than a disease, with a diverse etiology. FSGS may result from genetic and non‑genetic factors. FSGS is considered a podocyte disease due to the fact that in the majority of patients with proven‑FSGS, the lesion results from defects in the podocyte structure or function.

Role of vitamin D3 in regulation of T helper cell 17 and regulatory T-cell balance in rats with immunoglobulin a nephropathy.

Introduction: Dysregulation of CD4+ T cell subsets participates in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Vitamin D has immunomodulatory functions. This study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of vitamin D3 on T helper- regulatory T (Th17-Treg) cells balance in rats with IgAN.

Distribution of infused umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis.

Aims: Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of kidney diseases is dependent on choice of transplant pathway. We evaluated the safety of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through peripheral infusion and their distribution in a rat model of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).

Method: Cryopreserved umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were infused via tail vein injection into rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction and Sham-operated.

Podocalyxin expression in renal tissues and correlation with the number of urinary podocytes in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis.

Objective: To analyze the podocalyxin (PCX) expression in the kidney and the number of urinary podocytes in different pathological grades of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and to determine whether the number of urinary podocytes reflects the renal damage in HSPN.

Methods: Fifty-six children diagnosed with HSPN in our hospital were enrolled in the study and classified into 4 groups by renal pathology: grade II (IIa+IIb) (n=10), grade III (IIIa+IIIb) (n=21), grade IV (n=16), and grade V (n=9). Four kidney autopsy specimens without histomorphologic lesions and 8 urine samples from healthy children served as controls.

Effect of stem cell factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced bone marrow stem cell mobilization on recovery from acute tubular necrosis in rats.

Background: Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is the most common reason for acute kidney injury (AKI), and there is still an absence of effective therapies.

Objective: To assess the value of bone marrow cell mobilization by stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) therapy in rats with gentamicin-induced ATN.

Methods: ATN was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with five daily high-dose intraperitoneal injections of gentamicin.

Differences in tissue expression of HBV markers in children with HBV-associated glomerulonephritis.

Background/aims: Hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) is recognized as one of the major secondary nephropathies in HBV high-risk areas. To determine possible differences in the expression of HBV immune markers in tissues, we retrospectively examined HBV immune markers in the serum, renal tissues, and liver tissues in 132 HBV-GN children.

Methods: All 132 patients had biopsy-proven HBV-GN including the presence of positive HBV antigens in the kidney.

[Sympathetic nervous system level and ambulatory blood pressure in children with primary nephrotic syndrome].

Objective: To explore the change in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) value and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) level in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS) and their relationship.

Methods: ABPM and casual blood pressure(CBP) were tested in 114 children with PNS and 12 normal children as a control group. The 24-h urine noradrenaline(NA), adrenaline(A) and dopamine(DA) content were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical luminescence and the correlation with ABP was analyzed.

[Effects of astragalus on renal tubulointerestitial lesions and expression of NF-kappaB and MCP-1 in renal tissues in rat experimental IgA nephropathy].

Objective: To investigate the effects of astragalus on tubulointerstitial lesions in rats with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and to explore the possible mechanism.

Methods: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. The rat model of IgA nephropathy was induced by intragastric administration of bovine serum albumin and injections of LPS and CC14.

[Regulatory effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the immune disorder in rats with IgA nephropathy].

Objective: To study the regulattory effect of Astragalus membranaceus on immune disturbance of the rats with IgA nephropathy.

Methods: Rats IgA nephropathy (IgAN) model was duplicated by oral feeding of bovine serum albumin (BSA), subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and injection of lipopolysaccharide (LSP) into vena caudalis. The rats were divided into three groups randomly for the normal, IgAN model group and the group treated with Astragalus membranaceus (treatment group).

Assessment of mycophenolate mofetil for treatment of frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and adverse effect of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the treatment of frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome in children.

Methods: The study population consisted of 37 children (24 simple nephrotic syndrome and 13 nephritis-type syndrome) suffering from frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Patients received 20-30 mg/(kg d) of MMF in conjunction with 1 mg/(kg d) prednisone for 3-6 months.

[Effects of siRNAs silencing transforming growth factor-beta1 on fibronectin in SD rat masangial cells].

Objective: To investigate fibronectin synthesis in SD rat mesangial cells after transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is silenced by the short interfering RNA (siRNA) expressed by reconstructed pGEFP-C1 vectors.

Methods: Depending upon the 538th - 556th (A) and 895th - 913th (B) nucleotides of rat TGF-beta1 gene, a nucleotide (A or B) was constructed into a small hairpin nucleotide which was separately (A or B) or together (A plus B) inserted into a pGEFP-C1 vector with three reconstructed pGEFP-C1 vectors separately expressing the siRNAs for A or/and B. TGF-beta1 and fibronectin were dynamically investigated for their interrelationship by ELISA in the supernatant and RT-PCR in their extracted total RNA.

[Role of mast cells in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis].

Objective: To investigate the role of mast cells in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) and possible mechanisms.

Methods: Paraffin-embedded renal biopsy tissue sections from 20 children with HSPN were examined for the levels of tryptase-beta and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) by immunohistochemical staining. Mast cells were counted by toluidine blue staining.

[Clinicopathologic characteristics of 1,316 children with renal disease].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of childhood renal diseases.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1316 renal biopsies performed over the past 20 years was performed.

Results: Of the 1316 patients, 383 (29.

[Analysis of 94 cases of IgA nephropathy in children].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of 94 children suffering from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) while estimating the prevalent situation in Hunan province.

Methods: To summarize the annual number of hospitalized children, those with kidney diseases, those accepted biopsy, and those confirmed as IgAN in both Xiangya Hospital and Second Xiangya Hospital undertaking kidney biopsy in Hunan province during 1995 and 2004.

Results: In the past 10 years, as the hospitalized population in both hospitals accrued to 9.

[Effect of catechin microcapsule on the repair of DNA damage in glomerular mesangial cells induced by H2O2].

Objective: To explore the effect and possible mechanism of catechin microcapsulation on the repair of DNA damage in glumreular mesangial cells (GMCs) induced by H2O2.

Methods: According to H2O2 concentration, the experiment GMCs were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 50 micromol/L group, 100 micromol/L group, 150 micromol/L group, 200 micromol/L group and 250 micromol/L group. Each group was sub-divided into 3 groups: 6 h group, 12 h group and 24 h group, in order to determining the optimum dose and the best time of detecting the DNA damage in GMCs.

[Liver lesions in children with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis].

Objective: To investigate the pathological changes of liver in children with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).

Methods: Thirteen children with HBV-GN (aged from 2-14 years) underwent renal and liver biopsy. The biopsy findings were analyzed.

[Ability of catechin to eliminate O2-* and *OH].

Objective: To investigate the eliminating ability of catechin to eliminate O2-* and *OH.

Methods: The ability of catechin to clear away O2-* and *OH was respectively measured by faintness chemiluminescence and spin trapping assay.

Results: IC50 that catechin eliminated O2-* and *OH was 6.

Role of PAX2 gene polymorphisms in Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of polymorphisms in the PAX2 gene in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura with and without nephritis (HSPN and HSP, respectively), with particular attention to the relationship between PAX2 gene polymorphisms and the development of kidney pathology.

Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral leukocytes of 39 HSPN patients, 23 HSP patients without nephritis and 100 normal children, and three known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), including 1410C>T, 1521A>C and 1544C>T in exon 8 and exon 9 of the PAX2 gene were studied as the candidate polymorphisms. The above two exons were amplified, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were detected by denatured high-pressure liquid chromatography and direct DNA sequencing was performed for sequences with abnormal elution peaks.

[Pax2 expression in children with steroid-resistant primary nephrotic syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the difference of Pax2 and P53 expressions in children with primary nephritic syndrome (PNS) and the effect of Pax2 on glucocorsteroid (GC)-resistance.

Methods: Renal Pax2 and P53 expressions in children with PNS (40 patients) were detected by immunohistochemistry. A semiquantitative score was used to evaluate the injury degree of the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium, and correlation analysis was done among Pax2, P53 and pathologic score.

[Effect of glucocorticoid on glucocorticoid-resistant children with primary nephrotic syndrome].

Objective: Glucocorticoid (GC) is the first therapeutic choice of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). The response to GC treatment is an important indicator for the outcome of PNS children. Children with GC-resistant PNS present with incomplete or no response to GC, and may herald the progression to end-stage renal failure.