p18 encoded by FgGMTV1 is responsible for asymptomatic infection in .

Unlabelled: The intricate interplay between mycoviruses and their fungal hosts frequently culminates in asymptomatic infections, but the virus-derived factors underlying these infections remain poorly understood. Our study introduces p18, a novel protein encoded by the DNA-C segment of the genomovirus FgGMTV1, which facilitates the transition from virus-induced hypovirulence to asymptomatic infection within upon its expression. We have confirmed the expression of p18 during FgGMTV1 infection and observed its presence in both the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Rapid removal of Rhodamine B by phosphoric acid-modified activated carbon derived from rape straw.

A series of activated carbon was obtained from rape straw by chemical modification with phosphoric acid (HPO). The activated carbon was characterized and the adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B (RhB) from water was analysed. The SEM images showed that PRC-40 is a porous material and the BET analysis revealed a high surface area of 1720 m/g with the coexistence of micropores and mesopores.

The Wheat Endophyte J4-3 Inhibits and Enhances Plant Growth.

Fungal endophytes are well-known for their ability to promote plant growth and hinder fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by . This study aimed to characterize the biocontrol efficacy of strain J4-3 isolated from the stem of symptomless wheat collected from Heilongjiang Province, China. It was identified as using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin ().

A novel bipartite negative-stranded RNA mycovirus of the order Bunyavirales isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sibiricum.

A novel negative-stranded RNA mycovirus was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sibiricum strain AH32. This virus, tentatively named "Fusarium sibiricum coguvirus 1" (FsCV1), has a bipartite genome consisting of two RNA segments (RNA1 and RNA2). The negative-sense RNA1 is 6711 nt in length, encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, p251) in the viral complementary (vc) strand.

A Mycovirus VIGS Vector Confers Hypovirulence to a Plant Pathogenic Fungus to Control Wheat FHB.

Mycovirus-mediated hypovirulence has the potential to control fungal diseases. However, the availability of hypovirulence-conferring mycoviruses for plant fungal disease control is limited as most fungal viruses are asymptomatic. In this study, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector p26-D4 of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1), a tripartite circular single-stranded DNA mycovirus, is successfully constructed to convert the causal fungus of cereal Fusarium head blight (FHB) into a hypovirulent strain.

Interference of Small RNAs in through FgGMTV1 Infection.

Small RNA (sRNA) plays a central role in RNA silencing in fungi. The genome of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1) is comprised of three DNA segments: DNA-A, DNA-B, and DNA-C. DNA-A and DNA-B are associated with fungal growth and virulence reduction.

Fungal Virus, FgHV1-Encoded p20 Suppresses RNA Silencing through Single-Strand Small RNA Binding.

Fungal viruses are widespread in fungi infecting plants, insects and animals. High-throughput sequencing has rapidly led to the discovery of fungal viruses. However, the interactive exploration between fungi and viruses is relatively limited.

Root-Associated Microbiota Response to Ecological Factors: Role of Soil Acidity in Enhancing Citrus Tolerance to Huanglongbing.

The citrus orchards in southern China are widely threatened by low soil pH and Huanglongbing (HLB) prevalence. Notably, the lime application has been used to optimize soil pH, which is propitious to maintain root health and enhance HLB tolerance of citrus; however, little is known about the interactive effects of soil acidity on the soil properties and root-associated (rhizoplane and endosphere) microbial community of HLB-infected citrus orchard. In this study, the differences in microbial community structures and functions between the acidified and amended soils in the Gannan citrus orchard were investigated, which may represent the response of the host-associated microbiome in diseased roots and rhizoplane to dynamic soil acidity.

Evidence for a novel partitivirus isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema ceratophorum.

Nematodes are abundant, but little is known about their viruses. In this study, we report a novel partitivirus isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode species Steinernema ceratophorum, named "Steinernema ceratophorum partitivirus 1" (ScPV-1). The complete genome of ScPV-1 comprises two dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 (2352 bp) and dsRNA2 (2196 bp).

Retarding performance of the vadose zone for nitrogen pollutants derived from municipal solid waste landfills in the red bed zone.

Nitrogen pollutants such as ammonia and nitrates cause soil and groundwater contamination at municipal solid waste landfill (MSWL) sites due to leachate leakage. Here, the migration of nitrogen pollutants in the vadose zone of the red bed (VZRB) at a MSWL site was studied by static adsorption batch experiments and one-dimensional simulated migration experiments. The results indicated that the soil in the red bed did not adsorb nitrates.

Environmental risk assessment and factors influencing heavy metal concentrations in the soil of municipal solid waste landfills.

The environmental risk assessment and the factors influencing heavy metals (HM) in the soil at the municipal solid waste landfill sites (MSWLs) were studied by literature review, field survey, and statistical methods. The results indicated that the dominant HM contamination in the soil at the MSWLs was caused by chromium (Cr) with the Nemero index values (PI) from 22.7 to 44.

Complete Genome Sequence Data of Strain C72, a Candidate Biological Control Agent from China.

strain C72 isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode of possesses an excellent biocontrol effect on southern corn leaf blight. However, its genomic information is lacking. Here, we report a high-quality complete and annotated genome sequence of strain C72.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Sweet Orange Petiole Provides Insights Into the Development of Huanglongbing Symptoms.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. This is associated with the phloem-limited bacterium Liberibacter, and the typical symptom is leaf blotchy mottle. To better understand the biological processes involved in the establishment of HLB disease symptoms, the comparative proteomic analysis was performed to reveal the global protein accumulation profiles in leaf petiole, where there are massive HLB pathogens of L.

Effect of terminal temperature on the morphology and potentially toxic metals concentrations of biochars derived from paper and kitchen waste.

This study investigated the morphology and potentially toxic metal concentrations of paper waste-based biochar (PB) and kitchen waste-based biochar (KB) obtained at 500 and 700 °C. The morphology and potentially toxic metals (Cr, Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, and Ba) concentrations in the biochars were determined by SEM and FT-IR analysis. The Cr, Mn, Cu, and Cd concentrations in PB were low, while the Ba content was relatively high at 0.

First report of a novel partitivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium cerealis in China.

To our knowledge, no mycoviruses have been reported in Fusarium cerealis. Here, we describe a novel double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, Fusarium cerealis partitivirus 1 (FcPV1), isolated from F. cerealis strain HN30 from Henan Province, China.

Carbon emission and energy potential of a novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor for domestic waste treatment.

The biogas generation mechanism and its utilization potential in a novel spatiotemporally anaerobic/semi-aerobic bioreactor (STASAB) system with three activated bioreactors (C1, C2 and C3) was analyzed. Methane generation potential was obtained by measurements and estimation methods with similar values of 23.38 and 27.

Identification of nitrogen-sources in an aquifer beneath a municipal solid waste landfill in the vicinity of multiple pollutant sources.

Nitrogen contamination of groundwater has become a global issue and has aroused considerable concern among authorities. However, it is difficult to trace nitrogen sources in settings where a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill site co-exists with intensive agriculture and other human activities. Therefore, a field investigation that combined a statistical analysis (factor analysis: FA) and hydrochemical analysis was designed and undertaken to identify nitrogen-pollutant sources in the shallow groundwater beneath an MSW landfill near to an agricultural area and human settlement.

Acid Soil Improvement Enhances Disease Tolerance in Citrus Infected by Liberibacter asiaticus.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease that has caused massive economic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. The disease is endemic in most citrus-producing areas of southern China, especially in the sweet orange orchards where soil acidification has intensified. In this work, we used lime as soil pH amendment to optimize soil pH and enhance the endurance capacity of citrus against Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas).

A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions.

Here, we describe a tripartite circular single-stranded (ss) DNA mycovirus, named Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1). The genome of FgGMTV1 comprises three circular ssDNA segments (DNA-A, DNA-B, and DNA-C). Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analyses showed that FgGMTV1 is nested within the family Genomoviridae.

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Strain of Fusarium graminearum Virus 1 Infecting .

Fungal viruses (mycoviruses) have attracted more attention for their possible hypovirulence (attenuation of fungal virulence) trait, which may be developed as a biocontrol agent of plant pathogenic fungi. However, most discovered mycoviruses are asymptomatic in their hosts. In most cases, mycovirus hypovirulent factors have not been explored clearly.

Mycoviruses in Species: An Update.

is an important genus of plant pathogenic fungi, and is widely distributed in soil and associated with plants worldwide. The diversity of mycoviruses in is increasing continuously due to the development and extensive use of state-of-the-art RNA deep sequencing techniques. To date, fully-sequenced mycoviruses have been reported in 13 species: , and .

Protein elicitor PeaT1 enhanced resistance against aphid (Sitobion avenae) in wheat.

Background: Sitobion avenae, a dominant aphid in wheat that causes huge annual losses in agriculture, is mainly controlled using chemical pesticides. In this study, we investigated a protein elicitor, PeaT, for its induction of the defense response in wheat against Sitobion avenae.

Results: Intrinsic rates of increase in second and third generations of S.

Evidence for a novel negative-stranded RNA mycovirus isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum.

Here we describe a novel (-)ssRNA mycovirus, Fusarium graminearum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (FgNSRV-1), isolated from Fusarium graminearum strain HN1. The genome of FgNSRV-1 is 9072 nucleotides in length, with five discontinuous but linear ORFs (ORF I-V). Phylogenetic analysis based on entire L polymerase sequences indicated that FgNSRV-1 is related to the (-)ssRNA mycovirus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1), and other mycoviruses.

The complete genome sequence of a double-stranded RNA mycovirus from Fusarium graminearum strain HN1.

The complete nucleotide sequence of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus, Fusarium graminearum dsRNA virus 5 (FgV5), was identified and characterized. The FgV5 genome comprises two dsRNA genome segments of 2030 bp and 1740 bp. FgV5 dsRNA1 contains a single open reading frame (ORF1), which is predicted to encode a protein of 613 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 70.

Transcriptome-Based Discovery of Fusarium graminearum Stress Responses to FgHV1 Infection.

Fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (FgHV1), which is phylogenetically related to Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1), is a virus in the family that infects the plant pathogenic fungus . Although hypovirus FgHV1 infection does not attenuate the virulence of the host (hypovirulence), it results in defects in mycelial growth and spore production. We now report that the vertical transmission rate of FgHV1 through asexual spores reached 100%.