Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a longitudinal observational study.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes in patients with Klinefelter syndrome.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Setting: Medical college hospital.

[Clinical values of single or repeated triptorelin stimulating test in the differential diagnosis between idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delayed puberty].

Objective: To investigate the values of single or repeated luteinizing hormone (LH) releasing hormone analogue (triptorelin) stimulating test in the differential diagnosis between idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and constitutional delayed puberty (CDP).

Methods: Male patients (n = 133) without puberty onset after the age of 14 were recruited for triptorelin stimulating test and were followed up for 24 - 48 months until the diagnosis were confirmed: 86 were IHH and the other 47 were CDP. Repeated triptorelin stimulating tests were conducted in 9 IHH patients and 13 CDP patients one year after the first stimulating tests with an attempt to evaluate the dynamic change of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis function.

[Clinical values of triptorelin stimulating test in assessing hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis function in male patients with hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis disorders].

Objective: To investigate the clinical values of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) α (triptorelin) stimulating test in the differential diagnoses of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis (HPGA) disorders.

Methods: A total of 229 male patients with various HPGA disorders were recruited for triptorelin stimulating test. And all patients were followed up for 12 - 48 months until a definite diagnosis was made.

[A report of familial male-limited precocious puberty caused by a germ-line heterozygous mutation (M398T) in luteinizing hormone receptor gene].

Objective: To clarify the possible gene mutations in luteinizing hormone(LH) receptor gene in a boy with LH independent precocious puberty and probe the mechanism the of diseases caused by LH receptor activating mutations.

Methods: (1) Describe the clinical manifestations and laboratory data in a 5-year-old boy with LH independent precocious puberty. (2) Peripheral leukocytes were collected from the proband, his parents and other 20 normal puberty developed males.

Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin sensitivity and decreases high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal young male patients.

Background: Many clinical studies suggest the inverse relationship between testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity in men, however the causative relationship of these two events is still not determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on insulin sensitivity, body composition, serum lipid profiles and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal (HH) puberty undeveloped male patients.

Methods: In this prospectively designed study, we compared homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin areas under the curves (AUC) of 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and other metabolic parameters between 26 HH patients and 26 healthy men.

[Testosterone replacement in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal young male improves insulin sensitivity].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) on insulin sensitivity and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP).

Methods: 21 males with HH, aged 15 - 30, and 18 age, and BMI-matched healthy males underwent detection of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Second, the values of weight, abdominal circumstance, grips strength, body composition, total testosterone (TT), fast blood glucose and insulin, serum lipid profile, and hsCRP were compared before and after 9-month testosterone replacement therapy in the HH patient group.

[The survey of puberty timing in healthy boys in Daqing city in northern China].

Objective: To investigate the puberty timing in healthy adolescent boys in Daqing city in northern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional and longitudinal combined survey was performed. On 150 male students aged 6-15.

[Puberty development of the healthy adolescent girls of Daqing city, Heilongjiang province].

Objective: To investigate the process of puberty development of healthy adolescent girls in Northern China.

Methods: 288 adolescent girls of Daqing city, Heilongjiang province, aged 5 to 16, were studied and followed up yearly for four years. The height, weight, fat percentage, second sex characteristics, and the blood levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol (E(2)) were examined.