Mediation Effect of Oxidative Stress on Association Between Selenium Intake and Cognition in American Adults.

Objectives: Dementia affects millions of aged people globally and mainly results from oxidative stress. Selenium shows beneficial effects on dementia however it remains elusive for the mediation effect of oxidative stress on the association between selenium and cognition. The present study firstly investigated the potential mediation role of oxidative stress on the relationship of selenium and cognition.

A nonlinear association between total selenium intake and blood selenium concentration: An analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018.

Diets are the major sources of selenium (Se) and biomonitoring Se is used for the assessment of Se status. The present study explored the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018 data for optimizing Se reference intakes among American adults and interpreted the data in the context of exposure guidance values. Weighted linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between Se intake and blood Se concentration.

Advances and challenges in serine in the central nervous system: physicochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology.

Neurological disorders are the primary cause of human disability and mortality globally, however, current medications slightly alleviate some symptoms of degenerative diseases. Serine is an important amino acid for the brain function and involved in a variety of biosynthetic pathways and signal transduction processes. The imbalance of serine metabolism is associated with neurodegeneration, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Selenium intake is an effective strategy for the improvement of cognitive decline in low cognition older Americans.

Age-related cognitive decline is a prominent concern in older adults and selenium (Se) deficiency has been found to be associated with cognitive deficits. For the first time, the present study explored the association between Se intake and cognitive performance in older people with/without cognitive impairment using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Weighted linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the association between dietary Se/total Se intakes and cognitive assessments.

New horizons for the role of selenium on cognitive function: advances and challenges.

Cognitive deficits associated with oxidative stress and the dysfunction of the central nervous system are present in some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Selenium (Se), an essential microelement, exhibits cognition-associated functions through selenoproteins mainly owing to its antioxidant property. Due to the disproportionate distribution of Se in the soil, the amount of Se varies greatly in various foods, resulting in a large proportion of people with Se deficiency worldwide.

Identification of Factors on Blood Selenium Levels in the US Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and its low or high concentration in vivo is associated with the high risk of many diseases. It is important to identify influential factors of Se status. The present study aimed to explore the association between several factors (Se intake, gender, age, race, education, body mass index (BMI), income, smoking and alcohol status) and blood Se concentration using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 data.

Pharmacokinetics of chromium-enriched yeast in rats following oral administration.

Chromium (Cr) is required for carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolisms in humans and animals. Cr insufficiency is associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chromium-enriched yeast (CrY) is a widely used Cr dietary supplement, but its pharmacokinetics remains unavailable.

Advances in Pharmacokinetic Mechanisms of Transporter-Mediated Herb-Drug Interactions.

As the use of herbs has become more popular worldwide, there are increasing reports of herb-drug interactions (HDIs) following the combination of herbs and drugs. The active components of herbs are complex and have a variety of pharmacological activities, which inevitably affect changes in the pharmacokinetics of chemical drugs in vivo. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in vivo are closely related to the expression of drug transporters.

Antiosteoporosis Effects, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Delivery Systems of Icaritin: Advances and Prospects.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder affecting over 200 million people worldwide and contributes dramatically to global healthcare costs. Available anti-osteoporotic drug treatments including hormone replacement therapy, anabolic agents, and bisphosphonates often cause adverse events which limit their long-term use. Therefore, the application of natural products has been proposed as an alternative therapy strategy.

Speciation Analysis of Chromium in Chromium-Enriched Yeast by Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.

Chromium-enriched yeast (CrY) is a popular Cr dietary supplement, but suitable speciation analysis of highly toxic Cr(VI) in CrY is not available. Ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was firstly developed and validated for the quantification of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Ultrasound-assisted weakly alkaline EDTA solution combined with boiling was used to extract two Cr species in CrY.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of icaritin in rats by UPLC-MS/MS.

Icaritin (ICT) has distinct bioactivities, especially known for its beneficial effects on bone-related degenerative disorders; however, its pharmacokinetic properties remain unknown. A novel developed UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of ICT and its main metabolite glucuronidated icaritin (GICT) was firstly applied to pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of ICT in female rats, which were intraperitoneally given 40 mg/kg ICT. Following the protein precipitation of plasma samples with acetonitrile, ICT and GICT were separated on a C18 column using gradient elution mode and quantified in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.