Outer Membrane Vesicles Released from Garlic Exosome-like Nanoparticles (GaELNs) Train Gut Bacteria that Reverses Type 2 Diabetes via the Gut-Brain Axis.

Gut microbiota function has numerous effects on humans and the diet humans consume has emerged as a pivotal determinant of gut microbiota function. Here, a new concept that gut microbiota can be trained by diet-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) to release healthy outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is introduced. Specifically, OMVs released from garlic ELN (GaELNs) trained human gut Akkermansia muciniphila (A.

The impact of changes in radiographic sarcopenia on overall survival in older adults undergoing different treatment pathways for pancreatic cancer.

Objective: Sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, few studies have assessed changes in sarcopenia during multimodality therapy or its effect on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) total psoas area index (TPAI) and weighted average Hounsfield units (HU) were measured at each treatment interval in patients with resectable PDAC.

Biomarkers for personalized medicine in GI cancers.

Gastrointestinal malignancies are a major health care challenge due to the high incidence and overall poor outcome. A biomarker is a molecular characteristic of a tumor that may be utilized in the initial risk assessment and the subsequent management of the patient. This review focuses on the most pertinent prognostic and predictive biomarkers used in the clinical management of gastric, pancreas, and colon cancer.

Achieving a deeper understanding of the implemented provisions of the Affordable Care Act.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. Since that time, numerous regulations have been promulgated, legal battles continue to be fought and the major provisions of the law are being implemented. In the following article, we outline components of the ACA that are relevant to cancer health care, review current implementation of the new health care reform law, and identify challenges that may lie ahead in the post-ACA era.