Whispering gallery mode optical resonators for biological and chemical detection: current practices, future perspectives, and challenges.

Sensors are important for a wide variety of applications include medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. Due to their long photon confinement times, whispering gallery mode sensors are among the most sensitive sensors currently in existence. We briefly discuss what are whispering gallery mode sensors, the principles of whispering gallery mode sensing, and the history of the field, beginning with Mie theory.

A Survey on AI-Driven Mouse Behavior Analysis Applications and Solutions.

The physiological similarities between mice and humans make them vital animal models in biological and medical research. This paper explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing mice behavior, emphasizing AI's potential to identify and classify these behaviors. Traditional methods struggle to capture subtle behavioral features, whereas AI can automatically extract quantitative features from large datasets.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzimidazole-derived p21-activited kinase 4 (PAK4) inhibitors bearing a 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl scaffold as potential antitumor agents.

A series of novel 6-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-based p21-activited kinase 4 (PAK4) inhibitors were designed and synthesized based on the structure of lead compound GNE-2861 and that of anticancer inhibitors reported in our previous studies. All target compounds so designed were preliminarily screened in vitro for anti-tumor potency through kinase inhibitory assays and MTT assays, which revealed that most compounds exhibited significant inhibitory effects on PAK4 enzyme as well as prominent antiproliferative activities against four cancer cell models (A549, NCI-H1975, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) and low damage to healthy cells. In particular, the hit compound 12i was identified as the most effective and rather selective compound both at the enzyme and cellular level.

ABNet: AI-Empowered Abnormal Action Recognition Method for Laboratory Mouse Behavior.

The automatic recognition and quantitative analysis of abnormal behavior in mice play a crucial role in behavioral observation experiments in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. Due to the challenging definition of abnormal behavior and difficulty in collecting training samples, directly applying behavior recognition methods to identify abnormal behavior is often infeasible. This paper proposes ABNet, an AI-empowered abnormal action recognition approach for mice.

Single 5-nm quantum dot detection via microtoroid optical resonator photothermal microscopy.

Label-free detection techniques for single particles and molecules play an important role in basic science, disease diagnostics, and nanomaterial investigations. While fluorescence-based methods are tools for single molecule detection and imaging, they are limited by available molecular probes and photoblinking and photobleaching. Photothermal microscopy has emerged as a label-free imaging technique capable of detecting individual nanoabsorbers with high sensitivity.

Spatio-temporal variation in prostate cancer testing in Stockholm: A population-based study.

Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing is controversial but remains prevalent in many countries. There is little information in Sweden or elsewhere on the spatial variation in PSA testing. This study aims to describe the spatio-temporal variation in PSA testing prior to a prostate cancer diagnosis in the Stockholm region at the municipality and small area levels.

A case-control study of the risk factors for fistula-in-ano in infants and toddlers.

Background: Limited data are available regarding the risk factors for fistula-in-ano (FIA) in infants and toddlers, potentially affecting their daily lives.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk factors for FIA in infants and toddlers, in order to implement early preventive interventions, avoid disease progression, and develop therapeutic strategies.

Design And Settings: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, comparing 41 infants and toddlers diagnosed with FIA with 41 healthy controls, between August 2020 and December 2021.

Organizational climate of kindergartens and teacher professional learning: mediating effect of teachers' collective efficacy and moderating effect of mindfulness in teaching.

Introduction: This study was aimed at testing a moderated mediation model of teaching mindfulness and teachers' collective efficacy in the relationships between the organizational climate of kindergartens and teacher professional learning.

Methods: A sample of 1,095 kindergarten teachers completed self-report questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the organizational climate of kindergartens, collective efficacy, teaching mindfulness, and professional learning.

Results: Controlling for teaching experience and kindergarten level, the results show that kindergarten organizational climate significantly and positively predicted teacher professional learning and the collective efficacy of teachers played a partial mediating role between them.

A Comprehensive Comparison between Primary Liver Cancer and Liver Metastases through scRNA-Seq Data Analysis.

Metastasis is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. A comprehensive comparison of the differences between primary and metastatic cancers within the same organ can aid in understanding the growth mechanisms of cancer cells at metastatic sites, thereby helping to develop more effective targeted treatment strategies. Primary liver cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and the liver is also one of the main metastatic sites.

Neuromechanism, recovery effect and case study of swimming training intervention in children with cerebral palsy: A case report.

Background: Cerebral palsy, hereinafter referred to as "cerebral palsy", refers to a non progressive injury that occurs during the development of brain tissue in fetuses or infants. The patients often have walking dysfunction, abnormal balance ability and abnormal body stability, which are mainly caused by Cranial nerves injury.

Patient Concerns: One child diagnosed with ataxia cerebral palsy by the hospital was recruited, aged 6 years and 9 months.

Bascom II combined with VSD treatment involving the preservation of tissue bridges for recurrent complex pilonidal sinuses with a literature review.

Introduction: For patients with large and deep-seated recurrent complex pilonidal sinuses, the use of traditional open excision or flap reconstruction surgery may lead to high surgical difficulty, significant local damage, numerous complications, slow healing, and a high risk of recurrence. This article reports a case of recurrent complex pilonidal sinus and discusses the advantages of Bascom II combined with VSD treatment involving the preservation of tissue bridges.

Case Presentation: The patient, a 31-year-old male, presented with recurrent swelling, pain, and purulent discharge from the sacrococcygeal region for over a year.

Exfoliated MXene/poly-melamine-formaldehyde composite membranes for removal of heavy metals and organics from aqueous solutions.

Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants discharged into various water bodies have caused serious water pollution, and the efficient removal of these contaminants remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel MXene/poly-melamine-formaldehyde (PMF) composite membrane, in which the PMF particles serve as spacers, and the -NH groups of PMF and the hydroxyl groups of MXene nanosheets have a synergistic effect on the adsorption of pollutants, and the crosslinking of glutaraldehyde inhibits the swelling of the composite membrane. The MXene/PMF composite membrane with 83.

Secretory breast carcinoma: clinicopathological features and prognosis of 52 patients.

Purpose: Secretory breast carcinoma is a rare histological subtype of invasive breast cancer and considered with an indolent clinical behavior. This study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological features of patients with secretory breast carcinoma (SBC), explore the outcome, and compare the prognostic difference with invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients with SBC diagnosed between 2006 and 2017 from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were included in the study, excluding patients with previous malignant tumor history and incomplete clinical data or follow-up records.

A prospective comparison of a modified miniaturised hand-held epifluorescence microscope and touch imprint cytology for evaluation of axillary sentinel lymph nodes intraoperatively in breast cancer patients.

Background: The management of axillary lymph nodes in early-stage breast cancer patients has changed considerably, with the primary focus shifting from the examination of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) to toward the detection of all macro-metastases. However, current methods, such as touch imprint cytology (TIC) and frozen sections, are inadequate for clinical needs. To address this issue, we proposed a novel miniaturised epifluorescence widefield microscope (MEW-M) to assess SLN status intraoperatively for improved diagnostic efficiency.

Quantitatively Unveiling the Structure-Activity Relationship of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes with Complex Structures.

Nanofiltration polyamide (NF PA) membranes are widely used in seawater desalination and wastewater treatment due to their excellent permeability. The structure-activity relationship of PA membranes has attracted extensive attention in decades. In this work, NF PA membranes with planar structure, nodular structure, and peak-valley structure were constructed, and the pure water permeance was calculated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation to quantitatively investigate the structure-activity relationship between the microstructure and water permeance.

Forniceal deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of Rett syndrome increases neurogenesis and hippocampal memory beyond the treatment period.

Background: Rett syndrome (RTT), caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), severely impairs learning and memory. We previously showed that forniceal deep brain stimulation (DBS) stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis with concomitant improvements in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory in a mouse model of RTT.

Objectives: To determine the duration of DBS benefits; characterize DBS effects on hippocampal neurogenesis; and determine whether DBS influences MECP2 genotype and survival of newborn dentate granular cells (DGCs) in RTT mice.

Isolation of an Insulin-Like Receptor Involved in the Testicular Development of the Mud Crab .

Insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) is a key regulator of male sexual differentiation in crustaceans that plays important roles in secondary sexual characteristics and testicular development. As a hormone, IAG interacts with its membrane receptor to initiate downstream signal pathways to exert its biological functions. In this study, we isolated a full-length cDNA of an insulin-like receptor () from the mud crab .

Latissimus dorsi flap - the main force in breast reconstruction for breast tumor in Chinese population.

Background: The latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) is the most commonly used autologous flap for breast reconstruction (BR) in China. We conducted this study to explore the current status of BR using LDF with/without implants.

Methods: This study was a single-center retrospective study that included breast tumor patients who underwent LDF breast reconstruction at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between 2000 and 2021.

The relationship between ensemble coding and individual representation of crowd facial emotion.

In recent years, the processing mechanism of group expression has gradually gained the attention of researchers owing to its high ecological validity. However, research on the relationship between ensemble coding and individual representation is still in the early stage of the investigation, with many studies remaining at the behavioral level and findings varying widely. Based on our behavioral research (Experiment 1), we used EEG measures (Experiments 2A and 2B) to investigate the relationship between summary and object representations by manipulating the exposure time of crowd emotions.