An interpretable XGBoost-based approach for Arctic navigation risk assessment.

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) makes travel between Europe and Asia shorter and quicker than a southern transit via the Strait of Malacca and Suez Canal. It provides greater access to Arctic resources such as oil and gas. As global warming accelerates, melting Arctic ice caps are likely to increase traffic in the NSR and enhance its commercial viability.

Eco-Efficiency Analysis for the Russian Cities along the Northern Sea Route: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach Using an Epsilon-Based Measure Model.

In this paper, an eco-efficiency analysis is conducted using the epsilon-based measure data envelopment analysis (EBM-DEA) model for Russian cities along the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The EBM-DEA model includes five input variables: population, capital, public investment, water supply, and energy supply and four output variables: gross regional product (GRP), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, solid waste, and water pollution. The pattern of eco-efficiency of 28 Russian cities along the NSR is empirically analyzed based on the associated real data across the years from 2010 to 2019.