Tetraphenylmethane based three-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer as adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of trace sulfonamide antibiotics in milk samples.

Sulfonamide antibiotics have a broad spectrum of antibacterial action and are widely used, but their overuse poses a threat to human health. In this study, a three-dimensional conjugated microporous polymer, which was designated as TPM-CMP, was synthesized via Friedel-Crafts reaction by using tetraphenylmethane (TPM) and biphenyl dichlorobenzene as monomers, and it was utilized as an adsorbent in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of sulfonamides. The TPM-CMP demonstrated high extraction efficiency for sulfonamides due to π-stacking interactions, hydrophobic forces, and pore-filling effects.

Nitrogen-doped hollow quadruple-shelled carbon-silicon nanosphere as a solid-phase microextraction adsorbent for the extraction of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples.

In this study, nitrogen-doped hollow multi-shelled carbon-silicon nanospheres (NSiC-Homs-NS) were prepared using a template method and employed as a coating material for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. The extraction efficiency of single-, double-, triple-, and quadruple-shelled NSiC-Homs-NS coated fibers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated, respectively. The NSiC-Homs-NS based SPME fiber coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to detect 19 PAHs in milk samples.

A three-dimensional nitrogen-rich conjugated microporous polymer for solid-phase microextraction of nitroaromatic compounds from environmental water and soil samples.

Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), as a kind of important chemical intermediates, are widely used in industrial productions. However, NACs have carcinogenic effect and their residues may pose harm to human health. Therefore, there is necessity to set up effective analytical method to monitor them in some environmental samples.

Mechanobiology studies of bladder tumor cells using laterally squeezing microfluidic flow cytometry.

The deformability and uptake capability of cells are critical indicators of their biomechanical properties and functional behaviors, particularly in tumor heterogeneity and cancer research. Here, we introduce a microfluidic flow cytometry platform integrated with a laterally adjustable squeezing structure for the characterization of bladder tumor cells (including 5637 and EJ cell lines) and uroepithelial cells (SV-HUC-1 cell line). The deformability of these cell types under varying channel width conditions was clearly assessed using this platform.

Nanoarchitectonics of ultrafine molybdenum carbide nanocrystals into three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon framework for capacitive deionization.

Molybdenum carbide (MoC) has emerged as a promising material for capacitive deionization (CDI), but the poor electrochemical kinetics in conventional MoC owing to the bulk structure and low electric conductivity limit its CDI performance. To address this challenge, herein, we develop a novel strategy to synthesize ultrafine MoC nanocrystals that are embedded within a three-dimensional nitrogen-doped carbon framework (NC/MoC). This synthesis method involves the space-confined pyrolysis of molybdate precursors within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).

Machine learning assisted microfluidics dual fluorescence flow cytometry for detecting bladder tumor cells based on morphological characteristic parameters.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor and has become a major public health problem, leading the causes of death worldwide. The detection of BC cells is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and disease treatment. Urinary cytology based liquid biopsy remains high specificity for early diagnosis of BC, however, it still requires microscopy examination which heavily relies on manual operations.

Phenotyping of single plant cells on a microfluidic cytometry platform with fluorescent, mechanical, and electrical modules.

Compared to animal cells, phenotypic characterization of single plant cells on microfluidic platforms is still rare. In this work, we collated population statistics on the morphological, biochemical, physical and electrical properties of Arabidopsis protoplasts under different external and internal conditions, using progressively improved microfluidic platforms. First, we analyzed the different effects of three phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin) on the primary cell wall (PCW) regeneration process using a microfluidic flow cytometry platform equipped with a single-channel fluorescence sensor.

Convolutional Neural Network-Driven Impedance Flow Cytometry for Accurate Bacterial Differentiation.

Impedance flow cytometry (IFC) has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for label-free bacterial investigation to obtain the electrical properties in real time. However, the accurate differentiation of different species of bacteria by IFC technology remains a challenge owing to the insignificant differences in data. Here, we developed a convolutional neural networks (ConvNet) deep learning approach to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the IFC toward distinguishing various species of bacteria.

MoS Hollow Multishelled Nanospheres Doped Fe Single Atoms Capable of Fast Phase Transformation for Fast-charging Na-ion Batteries.

Low Na and electron diffusion kinetics severely restrain the rate capability of MoS as anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Slow phase transitions between 2H and 1T, and from NaMoS to Mo and NaS as well as the volume change during cycling, induce a poor cycling stability. Herein, an original Fe single atom doped MoS hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) is designed for the first time to address the above challenges.

Green construction of magnetic azo porous organic polymer for highly efficient enrichment and detection of phenolic endocrine disruptors.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) are prominent sorbents for effective extraction of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). However, green and sustainable construction of functional POPs is still challenging. Herein, we developed a magnetic azo POP (Mazo-POP) for the first time using hydroxy-rich natural kaempferol and low-toxic basic fuchsin as monomers through a diazo coupling reaction.

Surface Crystal Modification of Na V (PO ) to Cast Intermediate Na V (PO ) Phase toward High-Rate Sodium Storage.

The two-phase reaction of Na V (PO ) - Na V (PO ) in Na V (PO ) (NVP) is hindered by low electronic and ionic conductivity. To address this problem, a surface-N-doped NVP encapsulating by N-doped carbon nanocage (N-NVP/N-CN) is rationally constructed, wherein the nitrogen is doped in both the surface crystal structure of NVP and carbon layer. The surface crystal modification decreases the energy barrier of Na diffusion from bulk to electrolyte, enhances intrinsic electronic conductivity, and releases lattice stress.

Inorganic-Organic Nanoarchitectonics: MXene/Covalent Organic Framework Heterostructure for Superior Microextraction.

One of the difficulties limiting covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from becoming excellent adsorbents is their stacking/aggregation architectures owing to poor morphology/structure control during the synthesis process. Herein, an inorganic-organic nanoarchitectonics strategy to synthesize the MXene/COF heterostructure (Ti C T /TAPT-TFP) is developed by the assembly of β-ketoenamine-linked COF on the Ti C T MXene nanosheets. The as-prepared Ti C T /TAPT-TFP retains the 2D architecture and high adsorption capacity of MXenes as well as large specific surface area and hierarchical porous structure of COFs.

Hydroxyl and carboxyl group functionalized conjugated microporous nanomaterial as adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals from freshwater fish samples.

Endocrine disruption chemicals (EDCs) in food can seriously harm human health. In this study, a hydroxyl and carboxyl group functionalized conjugated microporous nanomaterial (CMP) was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction and used as solid-phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent. A functionalized CMP based SPE combined with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection was built for the determination of phenolic EDCs from nine fish samples.

Preparation of black phosphorus nanosheets/ zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocomposite for high-performance solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides.

Design and preparation of new fiber coatings for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is of significance to the sample preparation techniques. Herein, a facile strategy has been developed for the integration of the black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets with metal-organic framework (ZIF-8) to generate a BP/ZIF-8 nanocomposite. For the first time, the newly-synthesized BP/ZIF-8 nanocomposite was adopted as the SPME fiber coating for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs).

Unlocking Enhanced Capacitive Deionization of NaTi(PO)/Carbon Materials by the Yolk-Shell Design.

The low salt adsorption capacities (SACs) of benchmark carbon materials (usually below 20 mg g) are one of the most challenging issues limiting further commercial development of capacitive deionization (CDI), an energetically favorable method for sustainable water desalination. Sodium superionic conductor (NASICON)-structured NaTi(PO) (NTP) materials, especially used in combination with carbon to prepare NTP/C materials, provide emerging options for higher CDI performance but face the problems of poor cycling stability and dissolution of active materials. In this study, we report the development of the yolk-shell nanoarchitecture of NASICON-structured NTP/C materials (denoted as -NTP@C) using a metal-organic framework@covalent organic polymer (MOF@COP) as a sacrificial template and space-confined nanoreactor.

Tunable nanochannel resistive pulse sensing device using a novel multi-module self-assembly.

Nanochannel-based resistive pulse sensing (nano-RPS) system is widely used for the high-sensitive measurement and characterization of nanoscale biological particles and biomolecules due to its high surface to volume ratio. However, the geometric dimensions and surface properties of nanochannel are usually fixed, which limit the detections within particular ranges or types of nanoparticles. In order to improve the flexibility of nano-RPS system, it is of great significance to develop nanochannels with tunable dimensions and surface properties.

Review of the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Drug Polymorphism.

Drug polymorphism is an important factor affecting the drugs quality and clinical efficacy. Therefore, great attention should be paid to the crystal analysis of drugs with their researching and evaluating part. With the booming development of Raman spectroscopy in recent years, more and more crystal analysis investigations were based on vibrational spectroscopy.

A hydrophilic-lipophilic triazine based hyper-crosslinked polymer for efficient enrichment of nitrobenzene compounds.

Sensitive, accurate, and simultaneous determination of nitrobenzene compounds (NBs) in environmental water samples is of great significance due to their high risk to human health. In this work, a new triazine-based hyper-crosslinked polymer named CC-Py was constructed via the Friedel-Crafts reaction between cyanuric chloride (CC), pyridine (Py) and 1,2-dichloroethane. Due to its excellent stability, high surface area and hydrophilic-lipophilic (amphiphilic) structure, the CC-Py exhibited a high affinity toward the NBs (nitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene, 3-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 3-nitrochlorobenzene, 4-nitrochlorobenzene, 2-nitrochlorobenzene, 2,4-dimethylnitrobenzene, 3-nitrobromobenzene, 4-nitrobromobenzene and 4-nitroiodobenzene).

Functional Characterization and Phenotyping of Protoplasts on a Microfluidics-Based Flow Cytometry.

A better understanding of the phenotypic heterogeneity of protoplasts requires a comprehensive analysis of the morphological and metabolic characteristics of many individual cells. In this study, we developed a microfluidic flow cytometry with fluorescence sensor for functional characterization and phenotyping of protoplasts to allow an unbiased assessment of the influence of environmental factors at the single cell level. First, based on the measurement of intracellular homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with a DCFH-DA dye, the effects of various external stress factors such as HO, temperature, ultraviolet (UV) light, and cadmium ions on intracellular ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts were quantitatively investigated.

Covalent triazine-based frameworks for efficient solid-phase microextraction of phthalic acid esters from food-contacted plastics.

Owing to various health threats associated with phthalic acid esters (PAEs), this category of endocrine-disrupting compounds has attracted more and more public scrutiny. However, the efficient preconcentration of PAEs from complex food-contacted plastics still remains challenging. Herein, three covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) were constructed by facile Friedel-Crafts reactions of cyanuric chloride (CC), with triptycene (TPC), fluorene (FL) and 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB), respectively.

Sustainable synthesis of hydroxyl-functional porous organic framework as novel adsorbent for effective removal of organic micropollutants from water.

Organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water resources are a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Efficient removal of polar OMPs is very challenging because of their high hydrophility. Synthesizing novel adsorbent capable of high-efficiently removing hydrophilic and hydrophobic micropollutants is highly desirable for water remediation.

Novel N-riched covalent organic framework for solid-phase microextraction of organochlorine pesticides in vegetable and fruit samples.

A covalent organic framework named N-COF was successfully constructed by the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction between 2,4,6-tris (4-formyl phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl) urea for the first time. The prepared N-COF exhibited good stability and high affinity to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Thus, the N-COF was served as solid phase microextraction fiber coating for extraction of six OCPs from vegetables and fruits including romaine lettuce, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, apple, pear and peach, followed by quantitation with gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD).

A novel porphyrin-based conjugated microporous nanomaterial for solid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters residues in children's food.

A novel porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer (PCMP) with microporous structure and nitrogen-rich pyrrole building blocks was synthesized. The PCMP was used as a coating material to prepare solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers by sol-gel technique. Due to the toxicity of the phthalate esters (PAEs) and the necessity for their sensitive determinations in some food samples, the SPME fiber was investigated for the extraction of eleven PAEs from six different children's milk beverages prior to their detection by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Heterointerface optimization in a covalent organic framework-on-MXene for high-performance capacitive deionization of oxygenated saline water.

Capacitive deionization (CDI) provides a promising option for affordable freshwater while simultaneously storing energy, but its large-scale application is usually limited owing to the poor performance of conventional materials in natural (oxygenated) saline water. Herein, we report heterointerface optimization in a covalent organic framework (COF)-on-MXene heterostructure achieving a high CDI performance for desalination of oxygenated saline water. The 2D heterostructure with the optimal core-shell architecture inherits the high conductivity and reversible ion intercalation/deintercalation ability of MXene, and the hierarchical porous structure, large porosity, and extraordinary redox capacity of COFs.