Improving process robustness of cation exchange chromatography with cationic buffers for the reduction of aggregates.

Cation exchange chromatography (CEX) is commonly used to separate aggregates from monomers during the industrial manufacturing of recombinant proteins. However, the similar isoelectric point of aggregates and monomers makes the stepwise elution CEX an unstable process. In this study, the performance robustness of sodium chloride stepwise elution and cationic buffers (histidine and Bis-Tris) stepwise elution were compared through Monte Carlo simulation.

Approach for quality deep-ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystals a substitution strategy of channel species in zeolite.

Exploring the connections between the ion substitution of a material, its crystal structure, and its performance in applications is a regular task in synthetic chemistry. However, there still remain major challenges in the substitution of polyanionic groups for single ions. Herein, a strategy of channel species substitution of single anions by polyanionic groups in a zeotype rigid framework to design a new deep-ultraviolet nonlinear zincophosphate, {[LiNa(SiF)]Cs}[(ZnPO)], and tune physicochemical properties was proposed.

Tetraphenylene-based semiconductive metal-organic framework crystals for direct X-ray detection and imaging.

MOFs have good potential for X-ray detection, but direct X-ray detection in single crystal form is rarely reported. In this work, we successfully synthesized Pb-TCPE, and the single crystal achieves a low detection limit and high detection sensitivity of 4812.6 μC Gy cm, which exhibits great potential for X-ray detection and imaging.

Layered Chalcogenide Scintillators Enabled by Reversible Hydrous-Induced Phase Transformation for High-Resolution X-ray Imaging.

Scintillation materials have been widely used in various fields, such as medical diagnosis and industrial detection. Chalcogenides have the potential to become a new generation of high-performance scintillation materials due to their high effective atomic number and good resistance to radiation damage. However, research on their application in radiation detection is currently very scarce.

1D Pb halide perovskite-like materials for high performance X-ray detection.

The strategy of bandgap regulation is important for X-ray detection, but has not been reported for 1D Pb halide perovskite materials. In this work, three such materials, 1, 2 and 3, with a tunable bandgap, were fabricated for application in X-ray detection. 3 shows high sensitivity, far superior to commercial X-ray detectors.

Efficient Direct X-ray Detection and Imaging Based on a Lead-Free Electron Donor-Acceptor MOF.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently gained extensive attention as potential materials for direct radiation detection due to their strong radiation absorption, long-range order, and chemical tunability. However, it remains challenging to develop a practical MOF-based X-ray direct detector that possesses high X-ray detection efficiency, radiation stability, and environmental friendliness. The integration of donor-acceptor (D-A) pairs into crystalline MOFs is a powerful strategy for the precise fabrication of multifunctional materials with unique optoelectronic properties.

Polaron interfacial entropy as a route to high thermoelectric performance in DAE-doped PEDOT:PSS films.

Enhancing the thermoelectric transport properties of conductive polymer materials has been a long-term challenge, in spite of the success seen with molecular doping strategies. However, the strong coupling between the thermopower and the electrical conductivity limits thermoelectric performance. Here, we use polaron interfacial occupied entropy engineering to break through this intercoupling for a PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) thin film by using photochromic diarylethene (DAE) dopants coupled with UV-light modulation.

High-performance cryo-temperature ionic thermoelectric liquid cell developed through a eutectic solvent strategy.

Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) liquid cells offer an environmentally friendly, cost effective, and easy-operation route to low-grade heat recovery. However, the lowest temperature is limited by the freezing temperature of the aqueous electrolyte. Applying a eutectic solvent strategy, we fabricate a high-performance cryo-temperature i-TE liquid cell.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF)-active Coinage-metal Sulfide Clusters for High-resolution X-ray Imaging.

The study of facile-synthesis and low-cost X-ray scintillators with high light yield, low detection limit and high X-ray imaging resolution plays a vital role in medical and industrial imaging fields. However, the optimal balance between X-ray absorption, decay lifetime and excitonic utilization efficiency of scintillators to achieve high-resolution imaging is extremely difficult due to the inherent contradiction. Here two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-actived coinage-metal clusters M S L (M=Ag or Cu) were synthesized by simple solvothermal reaction, where the cooperation of heavy atom-rich character and TADF mechanism supports strong X-ray absorption and rapid luminescent collection of excitons.

Methylammonium-Based Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Single Crystals for Highly Sensitive X-ray Detection and Imaging.

The strategy of introducing large organic cations into three-dimensional perovskites could reduce the dimensionality of perovskites to form quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites, resulting in increased stability and reduced detection limits due to less ion migration. Herein, a quasi-2D perovskite single crystal (BDA)(MA)PbBr (BDA = NHCHNH, MA = CHNH) with a layered structure was grown by the temperature-cooling solution method. The X-ray detector based on the (BDA)(MA)PbBr single crystal has a sensitivity as high as 1984 μC Gy cm at 55.

General Figures of Merit ZQ for Thermoelectric Generators Under Constant Heat-In Flux Boundary.

The thermoelectric figure of merit ZT bridges the efficiency and material parameters for a thermoelectric device operating under constant temperature of the hot- and cold-source thermal boundary (Type-I TB). However, many application scenarios fall under the constant heat-in flux (q ) and constant cold-source temperature (T ) thermal boundary (Type-II TB), for which a figure of merit is absent for more than half a century. This study aims to fill this gap and propose a figure of merit ZQ for the thermoelectric devices under the Type-II TB condition, defined as , where Z, h, and κ are the traditional figure of merit, leg height, and thermal conductivity, respectively.

Pseudo-2D Layered Organic-Inorganic Manganese Bromide with a Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield for White Light-Emitting Diode and X-Ray Scintillator.

Eco-friendly lead-free organic-inorganic manganese halides (OIMHs) have attracted considerable attention in various optoelectronic applications because of their superior optical properties and flexible solution processibility. Herein, we report a novel pseudo-2D layered OIMH (MTP) MnBr (MTP: methyltriphenylphosphonium), which exhibits intense green emission under UV/blue or X-ray excitation, with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, high resistance to thermal quenching (I =84.1 %) and good photochemical stability.

Strategy for a Rational Design of Deep-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Materials from Zeolites.

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials play a crucial role in cutting-edge laser technology. In order to solve the serious layered growth tendency of the sole commercial DUV NLO crystal KBeBOF (KBBF), developing alternative systems of compounds with bulk crystal habits has become an urgent task for practical applications. Herein, a novel strategy was developed by applying non-centrosymmetric (NCS) cancrinite (CAN)-type zincophosphates {Na(OH)(HO)}Cs[ZnPO] with bulk-crystal habits as the prototype to design new DUV NLO crystals.

Two Noncentrosymmetric Bismuth Phosphates: Rational Design Synthesis and Optical Properties.

Developing strategies to rational design noncentrosymmetric structure still attract much interest for their applications in nonlinear optical and piezoelectric materials. Two noncentrosymmetric (NCS) alkaline earth metal bismuth phosphates have been successfully achieved via partial replacement of Bi with Ca or Sr ions. BiCa(HPO) (designated as CaBiPO) and BiSr(HPO) (designated as SrBiPO), together with their solid solution Bi(SrCa)(HPO) (0 < ≤ 0.

Bottom-Up Photosynthesis of an Air-Stable Radical Semiconductor Showing Photoconductivity to Full Solar Spectrum and X-Ray.

Single-component semiconductors with photoresponse to full solar spectrum are highly desirable to simplify the device structure of commercial photodetectors and to improve solar conversion or photocatalytic efficiency but remain scarce. This work reports bottom-up photosynthesis of an air-stable radical semiconductor using BiI and a photochromism-active benzidine derivative as a photosensitive functional motif. This semiconductor shows photoconductivity to full solar spectrum contributed by radical and non-radical forms of the benzidine derivative.

Improving X-ray Scintillating Merits of Zero-Dimensional Organic-Manganese(II) Halide Hybrids via Enhancing the Ligand Polarizability for High-Resolution Imaging.

Luminescent metal halides have been exploited as a new class of X-ray scintillators for security checks, nondestructive inspection, and medical imaging. However, the charge traps and hydrolysis vulnerability are always detrimental to the three-dimensional ionic structural scintillators. Here, the two zero-dimensional organic-manganese(II) halide coordination complexes and were synthesized for improvements in X-ray scintillation.

Highly Sensitive Direct X-Ray Detector Based on Copper(II) Coordination Polymer Single Crystal with Anisotropic Charge Transport.

Anisotropic charge transport plays a pivotal role in clarifying the conductivity mechanism in direct X-ray detection to improve the detection sensitivity. However, the anisotropic photoelectric effect of semiconductive single crystal responsive to X-ray is still lacking of theoretical and experimental proof. The semiconductive coordination polymers (CPs) with designable structures, adjustable functions, and high crystallinity provide a suitable platform for exploring the anisotropic conductive mechanism.

Wide-Bandgap Rare-Earth Iodate Single Crystals for Superior X-Ray Detection and Imaging.

Semiconductor-based X-ray detectors with low detectable thresholds become critical in medical radiography applications. However, their performance is generally limited by intrinsic defects or unresolved issues of materials, and developing a novel scintillation semiconductor for low-dose X-ray detection is a highly urgent objective. Herein, a high-quality rare-earth iodate Tm(IO ) single crystal grown through low-cost solution processing is reported with a wide bandgap of 4.

5d → 4f transition of a lanthanide-activated MGaS (M = Ca, Sr) semiconductor for mechanical-to-light energy conversion mediated by structural distortion.

Materials exhibiting mechanoluminescence (ML) are a class of smart materials capable of mechanical-to-light energy conversion. Thus, ML materials have been widely used in various electronic applications such as smart sensors, security systems, human-machine interfaces, and energy harvesting systems. Herein, we report a centrosymmetric ML semiconductor host material family MGaS (M = Ca, Sr), which features in-layered structures constructed with unique distorted bi-tetrahedral [GaSS] lattice units.

Integration of negative, zero and positive linear thermal expansion makes borate optical crystals light transmission temperature-independent.

Negative and zero thermal expansion (NTE and ZTE) materials are widely adopted to eliminate the harmful effect from the "heat expansion and cool contraction" effect and frequently embrace novel fundamental physicochemical mechanisms. To date, the manipulation of NTE and ZTE materials has mainly been realized by chemical component regulation. Here, we propose another method by making use of the anisotropy of thermal expansion in noncubic single crystals, with maximal tunability from the integration of linear NTE, ZTE and positive thermal expansion (PTE).

Terbium doped LiLuF nanocrystal scintillator-based flexible composite film for high resolution X-ray imaging.

Radiographic screens are widely used in high energy physics, national defense, aviation, radiodynamic therapy and medical imaging due to their scintillation materials that can transform high-energy particles or rays into ultraviolet (UV) visible light or other signals. In recent years, lanthanide doped fluoride nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent optical properties and stability. In this work, multiple lanthanide-doped LiLuF nanocrystal scintillation materials were synthesized by thermal decomposition.

A photochromic and scintillation Eu-MOF with visual X-ray detection in bright and dark environments.

The detection of X-rays has always been a frontier of scientific research. An Eu-MOF with both X-ray-induced photochromic and scintillation properties has been synthesized through the combination of a photochromism-active viologen ligand and rare earth Eu element with high-efficiency absorption of X-rays. In a bright environment, Eu-MOF exhibits different color changes under high-energy X-rays and low-energy X-rays, which can effectively distinguish X-rays.

Isotypic lanthanide-organic frameworks and scintillating films with colour-tunable X-ray radioluminescence for imaging applications.

Lanthanide-organic frameworks (LnOFs) have been brought into focus due to their unique structure-function relevance, and have shown good application prospects in many fields. According to the characteristics of scintillating materials, we synthesized two isomorphic LnOFs with the lanthanides terbium and europium as emission centers: Tb(bmb)·HO (LnOF-1) and Eu(bmb)·HO (LnOF-2). Tb and Eu were used as X-ray absorption centers, and large conjugated organic ligands were used as energy transfer bridges, which can effectively convert X-rays into visible light.