A Differentiated HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Delivery Model for High-Risk Groups in Nanning City, South China: Findings from a Pilot Program.

In China, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-serodiscordant couples is low. We offered differentiated PrEP options tailored to MSM in a community-based organization (CBO) setting, and to HIV-serodiscordant couples attempting conception in a specialized HIV care clinic. The CBO facilitated PrEP by linkage with a telemedicine platform for virtual consultation; additional online follow-up on social media was conducted by peers.

A novel subunit vaccine based on Fiber1/2 knob domain provides full protection against fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and induces stronger immune responses than a Fiber2 subunit vaccine.

Outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) have resulted in huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2015. However, commercially available vaccines against the FAdV-4 infection remain scarce. In our study, subunit vaccine candidates derived from the bacterially expressed recombinant Fiber1 knob domain and Fiber2 knob domain fusion protein (termed as Fiber1/2 knob subunit vaccine) and Fiber2 protein (termed as Fiber2 subunit vaccine) of the FAdV-4 SDSX strain were developed.

Improving the cellobiose hydrolysis activity of glucose-stimulating β-glucosidase Bgl2A.

β-Glucosidases with high catalytic activity and glucose tolerant properties possess promising applications in lignocellulose-based industries. To obtain enzymes possessing these properties, a semi-rational strategy was employed to engineer the glucose-stimulating β-glucosidase Bgl2A for high cellobiose hydrolysis activity. A total of 18 mutants were constructed.

Short-term toxicity assessment of combined use of zidovudine, lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir in vitro and in vivo.

Introduction: A combination of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is one of the most effective drugs for preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. However, limited information is available regarding its systemic toxicity. This study aimed to investigate its potential toxicity.

Simulation analysis of the effect of single-chamber double-line pipe jacking through different soil materials on surface uplift and subsidence.

This article is based on the relocation project of the 330 kV overhead line in Xi'an, China. In this paper, the soil settlement under different jacking depths was calculated by using the modified Peck's formula. Meanwhile, by modeling in ABAQUS, the jacking process of a single-chamber double-line large diameter pipeline under different soil conditions was simulated, and the ground deformation data under the different simulated working conditions were obtained.

Hair levels of steroid, endocannabinoid, and the ratio biomarkers predict viral suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS in China.

Background: Predicting viral suppression early is crucial to improving treatment outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) in clinics. Viral suppression is affected by stress, making stress indicators a potential predictive factor. Most of previous studies used the self-report questionnaire as stress indicators, but there were great drawbacks due to its subjective.

Hair Zidovudine Concentrations Predict Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.

Background: Hair antiretroviral concentrations are an objective and non-invasive measure of adherence to long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and can further predict virologic outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Zidovudine, one of the mainstream antiretrovirals in China, has been verified to have high reliability in adherence assessment, especially for its hair concentrations. However, data are limited in its predicting virologic outcomes.

2B and 3C Proteins of Senecavirus A Antagonize the Antiviral Activity of DDX21 the Caspase-Dependent Degradation of DDX21.

Senecavirus A (SVA), also known as Seneca Valley virus, is a recently discovered picornavirus that can cause swine vesicular disease, posing a great threat to the global swine industry. It can replicate efficiently in cells, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study determined the host's differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during SVA infection using dimethyl labeling based on quantitative proteomics.

The relationship of hair glucocorticoid levels to immunological and virological outcomes in a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated people living with HIV.

Background: Existing literature mostly investigated the relationship of acute or short-term glucocorticoid exposure to HIV disease progression using cortisol levels in serum, saliva, or urine. Data are limited on the relationship of long-term glucocorticoid exposure to HIV disease progression. This study examined whether hair glucocorticoid levels, novel retrospective indicators of long-term glucocorticoid exposure, are associated with two common indicators of HIV disease progression (CD4 count and HIV viral load) among a large cohort of combination antiretroviral therapy treated Chinese people living with HIV (PLHIV).

[Effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive Mothers Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy to Prevent Mother-to-child Transmission on the Growth and Development of 18-month-old Children in Lingshan County of Guangxi].

Objective To evaluate the effects of antiretroviral therapy(ART)for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission(PMTCT)of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)on the growth and development of 18-month-old children born by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive pregnant women in Lingshan County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and provide scientific evidence for improving the ART medication plan for PMTCT.Methods Lingshan County,ranking the first in the HIV-epidemic counties of Guangxi,was selected as the research site.According to the design of retrospective case-control study,we assigned all the subjects into the case group and the control group:(1)The case group included the HIV-positive pregnant women who had received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants in Lingshan County from 2010 to 2017.

Propensity score matching evaluation of psychological stress and hair cortisol among people living with HIV in China.

To compare the psychological stress level and hair cortisol level of people living with HIV (PLWH) with those without HIV in China, a total of 220 participants were initially enrolled in the study, including 200 PLWH and 20 people living without HIV. Psychological stress level, including quality of life, anxiety, perceived stress and psychological resilience, was self-reported in both groups with related scales. The cortisol in hair was extracted and assessed by LC-APCI-MS/MS method.

Association of Hair Concentrations of Antiretrovirals with Virologic Outcomes Among People Living with HIV in Guangxi, China.

Background: Hair concentrations of antiretrovirals are an innovative and non-invasive method for measuring cumulative antiretroviral exposure and assessing long-term antiretroviral adherence. This study aimed to examine hair concentrations of antiretrovirals in relation to virologic outcomes among PLHIV in Guangxi, China.

Methods: Cross-sectional data of hair concentrations of antiretrovirals and HIV viral load were collected from 215 PLHIV in Guangxi, China.

Association between hair cortisol, hair cortisone, and fatigue in people living with HIV.

Cumulative evidence to date largely supports an association between dysregulation of the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and fatigue. People living with HIV (PLHIV), in particular, are vulnerable to both HPA axis dysregulation and fatigue. Few investigations have examined the possible role of HPA-axis dysfunction in the occurrence of fatigue in PLHIV.

Greater Pain Severity is Associated with Higher Glucocorticoid Levels in Hair Among a Cohort of People Living with HIV.

Background: Pain is a common occurrence and persistent symptom, which has an adverse impact on individual well-being and quality of life among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Alteration in the activity of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis resulting in abnormal glucocorticoid levels had been proposed to play important roles in those associations.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether pain severity was associated with hair glucocorticoid levels, a novel method of measuring long-term glucocorticoid exposure, among a large cohort of Chinese PLHIV.

Simultaneous Determination of 6 Antiretroviral Drugs in Human Hair Using an LC-ESI+-MS/MS Method: Application to Adherence Assessment.

Background: The determination of antiretroviral drugs in hair is receiving considerable research interest to assess long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently in China, lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine, efavirenz, ritonavir, and lopinavir are combined as first-line and second-line free therapy regimens and are recommended for people living with HIV (PLWH). Simultaneous determination of the 6 antiretroviral drugs in human hair is important for accurately and widely assessing long-term adherence in Chinese PLWH receiving different ART regimens.

LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence.

The adherence assessment based on the combination of nevirapine (NVP) and its two metabolites (2-hydroxynevirapine and 3-hydroxynevirapine) would more comprehensively and accurately reflect long-term adherence than that of a single prototype. This study aimed to develop a specific, sensitive and selective method for simultaneous detection of the three compounds in hair and explore whether there was consistency among the three compounds in assessing long-term adherence. Furthermore, 75 HIV-positive patients who were taking the NVP drug were randomly recruited and divided into two groups (high-and low-adherence group).

Conservative treatment of rectovesical fistula after leakage following laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.

Rectovesical fistula (RVF) is a multifactorial complication that can be caused by different types of laparoscopic surgery, malignant tumor invasion, and chronic inflammation. However, RVF as a postoperative complication of laparoscopic radical rectal cancer is rare and serious. Here, we describe the case of a patient with RVF secondary to pelvic infection that was induced by anastomotic leakage.

Methylation of CDX2 gene promoter in the prediction of treatment efficacy in colorectal cancer.

The aim of the present study was to examine the diagnosis of methylation of CDX2 gene promoter in colorectal cancer (CRC) and assessed its value in the prediction of treatment efficacy. Sixty patients who were diagnosed as CRCs for the first time, 60 patients with hyperplastic polyps (HPs) and adenomas, and 60 patients with inflammatory lesions or healthy patients (control group) were included in the present study. The methylation levels of CDX2 gene promoter were detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP), and the expression levels of CDX2 mRNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.

Methylation of promoter region of gene in colorectal cancer.

The incidence of colorectal cancer is on the increase owing to changes in daily diet. In the present study, the methylation status of caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 () gene in lesion tissue of colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated. Additionally, the correlation between the promoter methylation of gene, CRC and gene expression in patients with CRC and normal population was examined.