Flippable multitask diffractive neural networks based on double-sided metasurfaces.

Diffractive neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in recent years as a physical computing framework, combining high computational speed, parallelism, and low-power consumption. However, the non-reconfigurability of cascaded diffraction layers limits the ability of DNNs to perform multitasking, and methods such as replacing diffraction layers or light sources, while theoretically feasible, are difficult to implement in practice. This Letter introduces a flippable diffractive neural network (F-DNN) in which the diffraction layer is an integrated structure processed on both sides of the substrate.

A General Strategy for Exceptionally Robust Conducting Polymer-Based Bioelectrodes with Multimodal Capabilities Through Decoupled Charge Transport Mechanisms.

Bioelectrodes function as a critical interface for signal transduction between living organisms and electronics. Conducting polymers (CPs), particularly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), are among the most promising materials for bioelectrodes, due to their electrical performance, high compactness, and ease of processing, but often suffer from degradation or de-doping even in some common environments (e.g.

Gastrointestinal traits, common inflammatory disorders, gallstones, and biliary tract cancer: A network Mendelian randomization study.

Introduction: Observational studies have shown that gallstone disease (GSD), cholecystitis, cholangitis, polyp of gallbladder, viral hepatitis, pancreatitis and gastrointestinal (GI) traits such as H. pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, and digestive ulcer are associated with the risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC). However, no study has explored their causal associations.

Promotion of NLRP3 autophagosome degradation by PV-K nanodevice for protection against macrophage pyroptosis-mediated lung injury.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has emerged as a significant global health challenge, with no definitive curative treatment available. Recent evidence suggests that pyroptosis of immune cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Targeting and modulating immune cell pyroptosis in lung tissue may offer a promising strategy to mitigate the harmful inflammation associated with this condition.

GAMG alleviates liver fibrosis through inducing ferroptosis in inflammatory macrophages via the IRF1/SLC7A11 signaling pathway.

The activation of inflammatory macrophages plays a pivotal role in the development of liver fibrosis (LF). Ferroptosis contributes to the clearance of inflammatory macrophages and the release of profibrotic factors. Glycyrrhetic Acid 3-O-Mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is a natural compound, the potential role of which on LF remains uncertain.

A spatiotemporal distribution prediction model for electric vehicles charging load in transportation power coupled network.

With increasing demand of electric vehicles (EVs), problems such as insufficient EV charging piles and unreasonable layout of EV charging stations are also becoming prominent. New challenges are introduced to the planning of urban EV charging infrastructures. To effectively plan the charging facilities, accurately predicting EV charging loads is essential.

HTR1D regulates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to impact hepatocellular carcinoma development and resistance to sorafenib.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis, partly due to resistance to treatments like sorafenib. The 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D (HTR1D) is involved in cancer progression through the PI3K/Akt pathway, but its role in HCC is not well understood. This study investigates HTR1D's expression, function, and potential as a prognostic marker in HCC.

An Airborne Gravity Gradient Compensation Method Based on Convolutional and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks.

As gravity exploration technology advances, gravity gradient measurement is becoming an increasingly important method for gravity detection. Airborne gravity gradient measurement is widely used in fields such as resource exploration, mineral detection, and oil and gas exploration. However, the motion and attitude changes of the aircraft can significantly affect the measurement results.

Longitudinal Associations Between Neighborhood Environments and Functional Disabilities Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in China.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations between neighborhood environments and functional disabilities over time among older adults in China. Urban-rural disparities in these associations were examined in this study.

Methods: Data from 4 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018) were analyzed, including a sample of 5,379 older adults aged 60 and over.

Development and validation of a predictive model and tool for functional recovery in patients after postero-lateral interbody fusion.

Objective: The postoperative recovery of patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) requires further study. This study aimed to establish and validate a predictive model for functional recovery in patients with LDH and explore associated risk factors.

Method: Patients with LDH undergoing PLIF admitted from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were included, and patient data were prospectively collected through follow-up.

Epidemiological characteristics of elderly osteoporosis fractures and their association with air pollutants: a multi-center study in Hebei Province.

To investigate the population distribution characteristics of elderly osteoporosis fracture patients in Hebei Province and analyze the effects of air pollutants on elderly osteoporosis fractures, We retrospectively collected 18,933 cases of elderly osteoporosis fractures from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, from four hospitals in Hebei Province. The average age was 76.44 ± 7.

Expression, prognosis, immunological infiltration, and DNA methylation of members of the SFRP gene family in colorectal cancer: a comparative bioinformatic and experimental analysis.

This study aimed to investigate the expression, prognostic significance, methylation, and immune invasion levels of secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP1-5) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, the relationship between SFRP1/2 methylation and immune infiltration in CRC was explored. The expression of SFRP1-5 was analyzed using several databases, including GEO, TCGA, TIMER, STRING, and GEPIA.

The adjuvant effect of manganese on tuberculosis subunit vaccine Bfrb-GrpE.

Protein subunit vaccines, lacking pathogen-associated molecular patterns that trigger immune responses, rely on adjuvants to induce robust immune responses against the target pathogen. Thus, selection of adjuvants plays a crucial role in the design of protein subunit vaccines. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing cGAS-STING agonists as vaccine adjuvants.

Characteristics of In-Flight Medical Emergencies on a Commercial Airline in Mainland China: Retrospective Study.

Background: In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) can have severe outcomes, including the deaths of passengers and aircraft diversions. Information is lacking regarding the incidence rate and characteristics of IMEs in most countries, especially in mainland China.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence, patterns, and associated risk factors of IMEs in mainland China and to provide medical suggestions for the evaluation and management of IMEs.

Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase Gene Enhances Tanshinone Accumulation and Drought Resistance in .

Danshen ( Bunge) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Salvia genus in the family Lamiaceae. Its dry root is one of the important traditional Chinese herbal medicines with a long officinal history. The yield and quality of are influenced by various factors, among which drought is one of the most significant types of abiotic stress.

Phase II study of perioperative camrelizumab and XELOX for locally advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have shown promising efficacy in treating gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma in the neoadjuvant setting. This phase II trial (NCT05715632) aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of perioperative camrelizumab plus XELOX in patients with locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Treatment-naive patients with cT3-4aN1-3 M0 resectable locally advanced G/GEJ adenocarcinoma were recruited to receive camrelizumab (200 mg, intravenously) on Day 1 combined with XELOX (oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m on Day 1 and capecitabine at 1000 mg/m on Days 1-14) every 3 weeks for four cycles, followed by surgery and adjuvant camrelizumab combined with XELOX every 3 weeks for four cycles.

Synthesis of Clickable Isotactic Poly(vinyl ether)s through Organocatalytic Stereoselective Cationic Copolymerization.

By virtue of the high reliability of click chemistry, polymers with clickable groups provide a useful platform for the rapid synthesis of polymer materials with diverse functionalities and architectures. However, the polymerization of clickable vinyl monomers with a concurrent regulation on tacticity remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report the successful development of a stereoselective cationic copolymerization of C-C triple bond-containing vinyl ethers with simple alkyl vinyl ethers by employing confined Brønsted acid as catalyst, which allows for the synthesis of alkyne-functionalized vinyl ether copolymers with high isotacticity (up to 90 % m), controlled molecular weight, and variable content of C-C triple bonds.

Metagenomic analysis of the dichotomous role of uranium in regulating intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in activated sludge include intracellular ARGs (iARGs) and extracellular ARGs (eARGs), both of which are recognized as emerging pollutants. While the activated sludge process has been commonly considered for treating wastewater contaminated with radionuclide, the effects and mechanisms of radioactive heavy metals on the fate of iARGs and eARGs (i/e-ARGs) in activated sludge are largely elusive. Here, the distribution, mobility, and hosts of i/e-ARGs in activated sludge during environmental concentrations (50 μg/L and 5000 μg/L) of radioactive uranium (U) stress were explored via metagenomics.

Metagenomic insight into the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes in activated sludge upon exposure to nanoplastics.

Activated sludge is an important reservoir for the co-occurring emerging contaminants including nanoplastics (NPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the impacts and potential mechanisms of NPs on the fate of ARGs in activated sludge are not fully understood. Herein, we used metagenomic approach to investigate the responses of ARGs, host bacteria, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and functional genes to polystyrene (PS) NPs at environmentally relevant (0.

How do environmental stressors influence migration? A meta-regression analysis of environmental migration literature.

Background: The amount of literature on environmental migration is increasing. However, existing studies exhibit contradictory results. A systematic synthesis of the environment-migration relationship is much needed.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients with Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: A Multicenter Study in Northern China.

Introduction: The long-term prognosis of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAAs) in northern China remains unclear. The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and long-term outcomes of ruptured MCAAs in northern China.

Methods: We included patients who were consecutively admitted for ruptured MCAAs to 12 tertiary care centers in northern China from January 2017 to December 2020.

Emerging Applications of Image Post-Processing 3D Visualisation for Cerebrovascular Diseases.

Intracranial vascular-related diseases are a common occurrence in neurosurgery. They have complex and diverse pathogeneses; further, their diagnosis and treatment remain unclear. Three-dimensional image post-processing technology is an emerging technology that involves converting a brain image scan into a digital model using image post-processing software, thus establishing a 3D view of the region of interest.

Apelin regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting Mst1-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

In the secondary injury stage of spinal cord injury, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, and activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling pathway. This ultimately intensifies neuronal death and promotes the progression of the injury. Apelin, a peptide produced by the APLN gene, has demonstrated promise in the treatment of spinal cord injury.