Somatostatin-expressing interneurons of prefrontal cortex modulate social deficits in the Magel2 mouse model of autism.

Dysfunction in social interactions is a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying social deficits in ASD are poorly understood. By integrating electrophysiological, in vivo fiber photometry, viral-mediated tracing, optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation, we show reduced intrinsic excitability and hypoactivity of SOM interneurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in Magel2-deficient mice, an established ASD model, were required to social defects.

Diffractive lenses for neutron techniques.

Many neutron techniques can greatly benefit from enhanced neutron lenses for focusing and imaging. In this work, we revisit the potential of diffractive optics for neutron beams, building on advanced high-resolution nano-lithography techniques developed for the fabrication of X-ray diffractive optics used at synchrotron facilities. We demonstrate state-of-the-art fabrication of nickel and silicon Fresnel zone plates and we report proof-of-concept experiments for full-field neutron microscopy and small angle neutron scattering.

Hypertension and Atrial Fibrillation: Insight From Basic to Translational Science Into the Mechanisms and Management.

There is a parallel epidemic of atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension (HTN) occurring globally. Both AF and HTN are no longer confined to the older population. The pathophysiology of AF related to HTN is complex with many inter-related factors.

Macrophage-mediated interleukin-6 signaling drives ryanodine receptor-2 calcium leak in postoperative atrial fibrillation.

Postoperative atrial fibrillation (poAF) is AF occurring days after surgery with a prevalence of 33% among patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The degree of postoperative inflammation correlates with poAF risk, but less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving postoperative atrial arrhythmogenesis. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing comparing atrial non-myocytes from mice with versus without poAF, which revealed infiltrating CCR2+ macrophages to be the most altered cell type.

CLIP4STR: A Simple Baseline for Scene Text Recognition with Pre-trained Vision-Language Model.

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) are the de-facto foundation models for various downstream tasks. However, scene text recognition methods still prefer backbones pre-trained on a single modality, namely, the visual modality, despite the potential of VLMs to serve as powerful scene text readers. For example, CLIP can robustly identify regular (horizontal) and irregular (rotated, curved, blurred, or occluded) text in images.

Remodeling of bacterial nitrilase active pocket improves the capability to degrade glucosinolate-derived nitriles.

Nitriles exhibit acute cytotoxicity to human and animal cells. Nitrilase is a green biocatalyst that can directly convert nitrile into nontoxic carboxylic acids and ammonia. However, the nitrilases capable of degrading 3-butenenitrile and 4-pentenenitrile derived from glucosinolate present in rapeseed meals are still limited.

Analyses of CTNNB1 mutation and expression and clinicopathological characteristics in 179 cases of solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas.

Background: Nuclear expression of CTNNB1 is occasionally negative in solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas, leading to a missed diagnosis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of CTNNB1 mutation detection for diagnosing SPN and explore the difference in clinicopathological characteristics at different ages and sex.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPN in our institution between 2011 and 2020 were collected.

Epigenetic priming promotes acquisition of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and oncogene amplification in human lung cancer.

In mammalian cells, gene copy number is tightly controlled to maintain gene expression and genome stability. However, a common molecular feature across cancer types is oncogene amplification, which promotes cancer progression by drastically increasing the copy number and expression of tumor-promoting genes. For example, in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), oncogene amplification occurs in over 40% of patients' tumors.

The protective role of resveratrol on hyperoxia-induced renal injury in neonatal rat by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Background: Supplemental oxygen is commonly used to treat newborns with respiratory disorders. It has been explored that hyperoxia increases oxidative stress, and have the potential adverse effects on developing organs. Mitochondrial biogenesis plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and resveratrol (Res) has its unique advantage in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.

Biorefinery of sugarcane molasses for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fermentation and genomic elucidation of metabolic mechanism using Paracoccus sp. P2.

Biorefining sugarcane molasses to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) is an anticipated paradigm for replacing petroleum-based plastics. Nevertheless, there exists a deficiency in excellent chassis and genome resolution for the synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), which is a typical representative of PHAs. In this study, successive enrichment domestication was employed to screen PHB producers.

A druggable targets discovery strategy for diseases (DTDS): Taking Rheumatoid arthritis as a case.

Identifying effective druggable targets with disease-specific for diseases is a tremendous challenge in new drug development. However, current studies of druggable targets identification are most based on either druggability or disease-specific, lacking a combination of two factors. To further improve the accuracy of druggable targets discovery, a druggable target discovery strategy for diseases (DTDS) was proposed, which combined druggable targets prediction by machine learning and key targets identification by tissue-level and cellular-level transcriptomics analysis.

Analysis of ADR reports of cetuximab based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

This study aims to monitor and identify adverse events (AEs) associated with cetuximab, a drug used to treat various late-stage (metastatic) tumors, to improve patient safety and guide drug use. This study retrospectively analyzed the cases reported in the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) related to the application of cetuximab from 2013 Q1 to 2022 Q4. Disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM) algorithms, were employed to quantify the signals of cetuximab-associated AEs.

Identification of Novel SCMC Gene Variants Associated With Early Embryonic Arrest.

The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is crucial for the oocyte-to-embryo transition, and genetic variants in SCMC genes have been associated with early embryonic arrest (EEA). In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 303 independent females with EEA and identified 16 patients with biallelic pathogenic variants in SCMC genes (NLRP2, NLRP5, PADI6, and TLE6), accounting for 5.3% of EEA cases.

CircUCK2(2,3) promotes cancer progression and enhances synergistic cytotoxicity of lenvatinib with EGFR inhibitors via activating CNIH4-TGFα-EGFR signaling.

Background: Circular (circ)RNAs have emerged as crucial contributors to cancer progression. Nonetheless, the expression regulation, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in mediating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remain insufficiently elucidated.

Methods: We identified circUCK2(2,3) through circRNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Breuning & de Jong, 1941 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) with a generic and specific synonym.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Breuning & de Jong, 1941 are presented. The genus Breuning, 1966 is synonymized with , and Breuning, 1966 is recognized as a junior synonym of Breuning & de Jong, 1941. Additionally, is redescribed, and Breuning, 1973 is formally reported from China, Vietnam, Thailand, and India for the first time.

Visual and High-Efficiency Secretion of SARS-CoV-2 Nanobodies with .

Nanobodies have gained attention as potential therapeutic and diagnostic agents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to their ability to bind and neutralize the virus. However, rapid, scalable, and robust production of nanobodies for SARS-CoV-2 remains a crucial challenge. In this study, we developed a visual and high-efficiency biomanufacturing method for nanobodies with by fusing the super-folder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the nanobody.

Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals XDH Related with Ovarian Oxidative Stress Involved in Broodiness of Geese.

Studies have demonstrated significant alterations in ovarian oxidative stress levels, ovarian degeneration, and follicular atresia during the broody period in geese. The results of this study showed that during the broody period, geese exhibited degraded ovarian tissues, disrupted follicular development, a thinner granulosa cell layer, and lower levels of ovarian hormones E2, P4, and AMH. Antioxidant activity (GSH, CAT, SOD, T-AOC, and the content of HO) and the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (GPX, SOD-1, SOD-2, CAT, COX-2, and Hsp70) were significantly higher in pre-broody geese compared to laying geese, while the expression of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) increased and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 decreased.

FOXF2 expression triggered by endocrine therapy orchestrates therapeutic resistance through reorganization of chromatin architecture in breast cancer.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer require long-term endocrine therapy. However, endocrine resistance remains a critical issue to be addressed. Herein, we show that ERα repressed FOXF2 transcription in ER+ breast cancer through facilitating H3K27me3 deposition around its genomic locus, therefore endocrine therapy triggered FOXF2 transcription via loss of H3K27me3.

Evolving landscape of colorectal cancer: Global and regional burden, risk factor dynamics, and future scenarios (the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2050).

Background: Presently, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRC and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2021, aiming to guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, optimize healthcare resource allocation, and facilitate the rational management of burden of CRC.

Methods: Using data derived from the Global Burden of Disease database, we estimated the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of CRC.

Integrins identified as potential prognostic markers in osteosarcoma through multi-omics and multi-dataset analysis.

Osteosarcoma represents 20% of primary malignant bone tumors globally. Assessing its prognosis is challenging due to the complex roles of integrins in tumor development and metastasis. This study utilized 209,268 osteosarcoma cells from the GEO database to identify integrin-associated genes using advanced analysis methods.

Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity.

Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation and dopaminylation of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour.

Personalized Shared Control for Automated Vehicles Considering Driving Capability and Styles.

The shared control system has been a key technology framework and trend, with its advantages in overcoming the performance shortage of safety and comfort in automated vehicles. Understanding human drivers' driving capabilities and styles is the key to improving system performance, in particular, the acceptance by and adaption of shared control vehicles to human drivers. In this research, personalized shared control considering drivers' main human factors is proposed.

Clinical profile and molecular genetic analysis of alport syndrome in children: a single center experience.

Background: Alport syndrome (AS) is a multifaceted condition that primarily affects the basement membranes of the kidneys, ears, and eyes. AS is considered the second most common cause of hereditary renal failure, exhibiting varied clinical manifestations across different lifespans. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical features and genetic profile of AS and to elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlation of AS.

Targeting the SMURF2-HIF1α axis: a new frontier in cancer therapy.

The SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) has emerged as a critical regulator in cancer biology, modulating the stability of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and influencing a network of hypoxia-driven pathways within the tumor microenvironment (TME). SMURF2 targets HIF1α for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, disrupting hypoxic responses that promote cancer cell survival, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. Beyond its role in HIF1α regulation, SMURF2 exerts extensive control over cellular processes central to tumor progression, including chromatin remodeling, DNA damage repair, ferroptosis, and cellular stress responses.

Exploring and analyzing two aging related genes FPR1 and UCHL1 and their potential molecular mechanisms in aggravating lumbar disc herniation.

The aim of this research was to investigate dysregulated pivotal genes in individuals with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for LDH. Key aging-related genes in LDH were identified through multiple methods. Two dysregulated key genes (FPR1 and UCHL1) were finally identified, showing high diagnostic value in both training and external validation cohorts.