Metal- and Light-Free Decarboxylative Giese Addition Reaction Facilitated by Hantzsch Ester.

We have developed a novel strategy for decarboxylative radical addition reactions that employs ground-state reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) analogues under ambient and open-air conditions, facilitating the efficient formation of Csp-Csp bonds in a variety of substrates. This protocol is distinguished by its operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, high efficiency, and the use of cost-effective starting materials. Furthermore, experimental studies have provided valuable insights into the reaction mechanism, elucidating the light-independent pathways that promote these transformations.

The discrepancy in amino acids within high-temperature Daqu: A novel metabolic marker for the quality evaluation of Daqu.

Mechanical pressing in Daqu production has introduced quality-affecting variations. Up to now, clear elucidation has not yet been applied to the mechanisms behind this phenomenon, and the determinants of Daqu quality are not yet completely excavated. For this reason, the physicochemical factors, enzyme activity, metabolites, and microbial communities were compared between the mechanical Daqu (MDQ) and traditional Daqu (TDQ) in this paper.

Multi-scale numerical simulations of photothermal therapy for tumors based on PDA-coated gold nanoparticles.

This paper presents a multiscale computational model, 'micro-to-meso-to-macro', to simulate polydopamine coated gold nanoparticles (AuNP@PDA) for assisted tumor photothermal therapy (PTT). The optical properties, mainly refractive index, of the PDA unit molecules are calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) method in this multiscale model. Subsequently, the thermodynamic properties, including thermal conductivity and heat capacity, of the PDA cells and AuNP@PDA particles are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.

Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal SPP1-CD44 signaling drives primary resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in RCC.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a cornerstone therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, significant rates of primary resistance hinder their efficacy, and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to unravel the tumor-immune interactions and signaling pathways driving primary resistance to ICIs in RCC.

Relationship between circulating miRNA-222-3p and miRNA-136-5p and the efficacy of docetaxel chemotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is the most dangerous stage of prostate cancer, with a high mortality rate. Docetaxel chemotherapy is one of the most effective treatment methods currently, but some patients do not respond to chemotherapy. To avoid unnecessary toxicity in non-responders, this study explores the potential of circulating microRNAs as early biomarkers of docetaxel response in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Difference in fecal and oral microbiota between pancreatic cancer and benign/low-grade malignant tumor patients.

Background: Significant gaps exist in understanding the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients with pancreatic cancer (PCA) versus benign or low-grade malignant pancreatic tumors (NPCA). This study aimed to analyze these microbiota characteristics and explore their potential use in distinguishing malignant pancreatic lesions.

Methods: Between September 2020 and May 2024, fecal and oral samples were collected from 121 patients undergoing surgical resection or diagnostic biopsy of pancreatic lesions, including 75 patients with PCA and 46 patients with NPCA, and 16s rRNA sequencing was performed.

DET1 modulates ATAF1-repressed thermosensory elongation through ubiquitination in Arabidopsis.

The Arabidopsis transcription factor ATAF1 negatively regulates thermomorphogenesis by inhibiting the expression of key genes involved in thermoresponsive elongation. DET1-mediated ubiquitination promotes ATAF1 degradation. In response to warmer, non-stressful average temperatures, plants have evolved an adaptive morphologic response called thermomorphogenesis to increase their fitness.

A Novel Simulation Model of Shielding Performance Based on the Anisotropic Magnetic Property of Magnetic Shields.

To achieve a near-zero magnetic field environment, the use of permalloy sheets with high-performance magnetic properties is essential. However, mainstream welding processes for magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs), such as argon arc welding and laser welding, can degrade the magnetic properties of the material. Additionally, neglecting the anisotropy of permalloy sheets can introduce unpredictable errors in the evaluation of MSR performance.

Targeting viral suppressor of RNAi confers anti-coronaviral activity.

Infections caused by coronaviruses are persistent threats to human health in recent decades, necessitating the development of innovative anti-coronaviral therapies. RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved cell-intrinsic antiviral mechanism in diverse eukaryotic organisms, including mammals. To counteract, many viruses encode viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to evade antiviral RNAi, implying that targeting VSRs could be a promising strategy to develop antiviral therapies.

Mid-Term Outcomes of K-Clip Transcatheter Tricuspid Annuloplasty System in Patients With Severe Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: Conservative treatments for tricuspid regurgitation (TR) frequently yield suboptimal outcomes. Transcatheter interventions provide a new therapeutic avenue, with ongoing assessments of safety and effectiveness.

Objectives: The TriStar (Confirmatory Clinical Study of Treating Tricuspid Regurgitation With K-Clip™ Transcatheter Annuloplasty System) study investigated 1-year outcomes of the K-Clip transcatheter tricuspid annuloplasty system in treating patients with severe functional TR.

Carvacrol Effectively Inhibits In Vitro and Induces Resistance to Brown Blotch Disease in Postharvest .

Carvacrol (CAR), a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene compound, has recently received attention for its potential use in food preservation. However, whether it is effective in controlling brown blotch disease caused by in edible mushrooms is unknown. The results of this study showed that CAR effectively inhibits and kills in vitro by disrupting cell membrane integrity and causing the leakage of cellular components.

Response characteristics of soil Cd availability to microbes in paddy soil with long-term fertilization and its impact on Cd uptake in rice.

Long-term fertilization contributes to the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in soils and crops, yet the effects of different fertilization regimes on soil Cd dynamics and its uptake in rice remain poorly understood. This long-term field experiment aimed to elucidate how different fertilization regimes influence Cd bioavailability and mobility in soil, thereby affecting Cd accumulation in rice. Four fertilization treatments were tested, including chemical fertilizer (CF), rice straw incorporation (RF), and low (LM) and high (HM) rates of manure fertilizers.

Establishment and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Predicting Postoperative Overall Survival in Advanced Stage III-IV Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Background: Most colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are at an advanced stage when they are first diagnosed. Risk factors for predicting overall survival (OS) in advanced stage CRC patients are crucial, and constructing a prognostic nomogram model is a scientific method for survival analysis.

Methods: A total of 2956 advanced stage CRC patients were randomised into training and validation groups at a 7:3 ratio.

LncRNA mediated metabolic reprogramming: the chief culprits of solid tumor malignant progression: an update review.

Metabolism reprogramming (MR) is one of the top ten hallmarks of malignant tumors. The aberrant activation of MR has been recognized as a critical contributory factor to the malignant progression of solid tumors. Moreover, various long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the aberrant activation of MR in solid tumor cells.

Dietary Antioxidant Capacity, Genetic Susceptibility and Polymorphism, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk in a Prospective Cohort.

Background & Aims: Oxidative stress is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A previous study found protective potential of some antioxidative nutrients against IBD. However, the association between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet and incident IBD is unclear.

Soil deterioration due to long-term grazing of desert-steppe promotes stress-tolerant ecological strategies in plants.

Predicting the impact of grazing on desert steppes' vegetation is crucial for sustainable management. The competitor, stress-tolerator and ruderal (CSR) theory has offer valuable insights into plant adaptive capacity and predicting changes in vegetation structure. However, whether adaptive strategy of desert steppe change with grazing intensity is not understood yet.

Mendelian randomization and multi-omics approach analyses reveal impaired glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in visceral adipose tissue of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Question: What is the significance of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and its impact on the regulation of metabolic disorders in women with PCOS?

Summary Answer: We revealed a potentially causal relationship between increased genetically predicted VAT and PCOS-related traits, and found that VAT exhibited impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in women with PCOS.

What Is Known Already: PCOS is a common reproductive endocrine disorder accompanied by many metabolic abnormalities. Adipose tissue is a metabolically active endocrine organ that regulates multiple physiological processes, and VAT has a much stronger association with metabolism than subcutaneous adipose tissue does.

Identification of plasma exosomal lncRNA as a biomarker for early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Background: There were about 1,090,000 gastric cancer (GC) cases in 2020 in China. The incidence and mortality rates ranked the fifth and third among all kinds of cancers in China. Early diagnosis plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of gastric cancer.

Coefficients of variation analyses of internal quality control status for blood lead in China from 2015 to 2023.

Background: Blood lead test is widely conducted in Chinese laboratories, while the imprecision of blood lead measurement based on internal quality control (IQC) across China has not been comprehensively evaluated nowadays.

Methods: Using the IQC data of blood lead collected through a web-based external quality assessment (EQA) reporting system, we analysed current coefficients of variation (CVs) of blood lead from 2015 to 2023 among Chinese laboratories. Two allowable total error (TEa) imprecision levels from EQA were applied to calculate the pass rates, namely percentages of laboratories meeting precision quality specifications.