Solvent exposure, genetic susceptibility, and risk of bladder cancer.

The New England Bladder Cancer Study (NEBCS) has recently reported an increased bladder cancer risk with occupational exposure to mononuclear aromatic organic solvents, including exposure to benzene, toluene, and xylene and their combination BTX. However, the mechanisms by which BTX influence bladder cancer are unclear. Here, we evaluated the interaction between BTX and genetic markers in known bladder cancer susceptibility loci and in variants shown to impact the metabolism of these solvents.

Estimated exposure to endotoxin and circulating immunological markers among male farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture study.

Background: Occupational exposure to endotoxin has been associated with reduced lung cancer risk. The mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, though immunological alterations likely play a role. Farmers who perform certain tasks (eg, raising hogs) can be highly exposed to endotoxin.

Quantitative measures of recent and lifetime agricultural pesticide use are associated with increased pesticide concentrations in house dust.

Objective: Elevated pesticide concentrations have been found in dust from homes with residents who use agricultural pesticides, but few studies have compared these concentrations to quantitative measures of their use. We evaluated household pesticide dust concentrations in relation to quantitative, active ingredient-specific metrics of agricultural pesticide use in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study.

Methods: Participants provided vacuum dust samples (2013-2018) and information regarding recent (last 12 months) and lifetime pesticide use.

Translation and validation of the caregiving burden scale for family caregivers of children with cancer in chinese population.

Background: Effective response and reducing the burden of family care for children with cancer is critical, and China currently lacks a specific assessment tool.

Aims: This study aimed to translate and validate the Caregiving Burden Scale for Family Caregivers of Children with Cancer (CBSFC-CC) and then test and implement the tool.

Methods: According to the Beaton cross-cultural debugging guide, preliminary Chinese version of CBSFC-CC scale was formed, which was suitable for Chinese language environment and clinical context.

Urinary biomonitoring of glyphosate exposure among male farmers and nonfarmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study.

Glyphosate is the most widely applied herbicide worldwide. Glyphosate biomonitoring data are limited for agricultural settings. We measured urinary glyphosate concentrations and assessed exposure determinants in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study.

Occupational exposure to organic solvents and risk of bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancer has been linked to several occupations that involve the use of solvents, including those used in the dry-cleaning industry.

Objectives: We evaluated exposure to solvents and risk of bladder cancer in 1182 incident cases and 1408 controls from a population-based study.

Methods: Exposure to solvents was quantitatively assessed using a job-exposure matrix (CANJEM).

Influenza vaccine during pregnancy, recommendations from healthcare providers, and race/ethnicity in the United States.

Objectives: We examined racial/ethnic differences in the association between influenza vaccine recommendations from healthcare providers and maternal vaccination uptake.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We categorized respondents as non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH-Blacks, NH-Asians, American Indians/Alaska Natives, NH Other non-Whites, and Hispanics.

The HOG-pathway related AaOS1 leads to dicarboximide-resistance in field strains of Alternaria alternata and contributes, together with the Aafhk1, to mycotoxin production and virulence.

Background: Garlic leaf spot (GLS) caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the main diseases in the garlic production areas, and its management heavily relies on dicarboximide fungicides. However, the efficacy of dicarboximides against the GLS disease has decreased year on year.

Results: In the present study, 10 of 148 A.

Three-dimensional biotemplate-loaded nickel sulfide vacancies engineered to promote the absorption of electromagnetic waves.

Vacancy engineering offers an appealing strategy for modifying the electronic structure of transition metals. Transition metals with abundant sulfur vacancies can significantly contribute to the microwave absorption capabilities of absorbers. In this study, an NiS@De composite material was synthesized through a straightforward hydrothermal synthesis technique.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Highly Inhibitory Oil Well Cement Retarders with Branched-Chain Structures.

Cementing at medium temperature and high temperature (90-150 °C) is facing challenges on account of the properties of the retarders. Except for the thermal stability, abnormal gelation, such as "bulging" and "stepping", often takes place and results in safety problems. In this article, the synthesis of a new retarder DRH-150 was introduced.

A Superior Two-Dimensional Phosphorus Flame Retardant: Few-Layer Black Phosphorus.

The usage of flame retardants in flammable polymers has been an effective way to protect both lives and material goods from accidental fires. Phosphorus flame retardants have the potential to be follow-on flame retardants after halogenated variants, because of their low toxicity, high efficiency and compatibility. Recently, the emerging allotrope of phosphorus, two-dimensional black phosphorus, as a flame retardant has been developed.

anchoring of FeO/CNTs hybrids on basalt fiber for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption.

The development of practical and efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials is a challenging research problem. A mussel-inspired molecular structure regulation strategy using polydopamine to increase the roughness and functional groups of basalt fiber (BF) surface, which can improve the fiber interfacial adhesion. Herein, a novel BF-FeO/CNTs heterostructure is synthesized through a dip-coating adsorption process.

Contaminant sorption on soil and indoor materials and its possible impact on transients in vapor intrusion- An example based upon trichloroethylene (TCE).

Although building materials are well recognized as potential sources and sinks of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs), knowledge about how they affect indoor air concentrations and measurements in vapor intrusion scenarios is limited. This study investigates the potential influence of sorption processes on indoor air contamination in vapor intrusion, relying upon laboratory measurements at relevant concentration levels, and applying these in a numerical transient vapor intrusion model. It was found that the sink effect of adsorption on building materials can lower indoor air concentrations or delay their achieving a steady state, thus cautioning that these processes can affect observed indoor air concentration variability.

An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study: I. Development of task-specific exposure levels from published data.

Background/objective: Farmers conduct numerous tasks with potential for endotoxin exposure. As a first step to characterize endotoxin exposure for farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study, we used published data to estimate task-specific endotoxin concentrations.

Methods: We extracted published data on task-specific, personal, inhalable endotoxin concentrations for agricultural tasks queried in the study questionnaire.

An algorithm for quantitatively estimating occupational endotoxin exposure in the biomarkers of exposure and effect in agriculture study: II. Application to the study population.

Background: We developed an algorithm to quantitatively estimate endotoxin exposure for farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study.

Methods: The algorithm combined task intensity estimates derived from published data with questionnaire responses on activity duration to estimate task-specific cumulative endotoxin exposures for 13 tasks during four time windows, ranging from "past 12 months" to "yesterday/today." We applied the algorithm to 1681 participants in Iowa and North Carolina.

Elevated 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide concentrations in the household dust of farmers with recent occupational use.

Pesticide dust concentrations in homes have been previously associated with occupational and home/garden use of pesticides, hygiene practices, and other factors. This study evaluated the relationship between self-reported use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and house dust concentrations and these factors in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) Study, a molecular epidemiologic study of farmers in Iowa and North Carolina. The vacuum dust from the homes of 35 BEEA participants was analyzed for the presence of 2,4-D.

Adsorption-Assisted Redox Center in Porous Organic Frameworks for Boosting Lithium Storage.

Due to the designable structure and capacity, organic materials are promising candidates for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a novel type of porous organic frameworks (POFs) based on the coupling reaction of diazonium salt as the anodes for lithium ion storage. The active center containing an azo group and the adjacent lithium-philic adsorption site is constructed to investigate the electrochemical behaviors and reaction mechanism.

Local Manipulation of Skyrmion Nucleation in Microscale Areas of a Thin Film with Nitrogen-Ion Implantation.

Precise manipulation of skyrmion nucleation in microscale or nanoscale areas of thin films is a critical issue in developing high-efficient skyrmionic memories and logic devices. Presently, the mainstream controlling strategies focus on the application of external stimuli to tailor the intrinsic attributes of charge, spin, and lattice. This work reports effective skyrmion manipulation by controllably modifying the lattice defect through ion implantation, which is potentially compatible with large-scale integrated circuit technology.

The association between maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the United States: Pregnancy risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS).

Objective: Influenza vaccination during pregnancy is highly recommended. We examined the association between maternal influenza vaccination and adverse birth outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) during 2012-2017.

Non-trivial Contribution of Carbon Hybridization in Carbon-based Substrates to Electrocatalytic Activities in Li-S Batteries.

Appling an electrochemical catalyst is an efficient strategy for inhibiting the shuttle effect and enhancing the S utilization of Li-S batteries. Carbon-based materials are the most common conductive agents and catalyst supports used in Li-S batteries, but the correlation between the diversity of hybridizations and sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) catalytic activity remains unclear. Here, by establishing two forms of carbon models, i.

The association between adverse birth outcomes and smoking cessation during pregnancy across the United States-43 States and New York City, 2012-2017.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the risks of adverse birth outcomes among pregnant smokers and the benefits of smoking cessation during pregnancy on birth outcomes across the United States.

Methods: We performed an analysis of 203,437 pregnant women using data collected by the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) from 2012 to 2017. PRAMS uses questionnaires and birth certificates to collect information about the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women, smoking status before and during pregnancy, and birth outcomes.

Different soil particle size changes the N retention in soil and N utilization by maize.

Improving soil structure is key to improving soil quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) in global cropping systems. Soil sieving is a direct means of dividing soil activity into components with different practical functional significance. In order to have a more intuitive understanding of nutrient turnover and NUE under different soil particle sizes, we identified the key soil particle sizes that affect N cycling in cropping systems.

A Task-Specific Algorithm to Estimate Occupational (1→3)-β-D-glucan Exposure for Farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture Study.

Objectives: Farmers may be exposed to glucans (a cell component of molds) through a variety of tasks. The magnitude of exposure depends on each farmer's activities and their duration. We developed a task-specific algorithm to estimate glucan exposure that combines measurements of (1→3)-β-D-glucan with questionnaire responses from farmers in the Biomarkers of Exposure and Effect in Agriculture (BEEA) study.

Role of the Metal Atom in a Carbon-Based Single-Atom Electrocatalyst for LiS Redox Reactions.

Carbon-based single metal atom catalysts (SACs) are being extensively investigated to improve the kinetics of the Li-S redox reaction, which is greatly important for batteries with cell-level energy densities >500 W h kg . However, there are contradictory reports regarding the electrocatalytic activities of the different metal atoms and the role of the metal atom in LiS chemistry still remains unclear. This is due to the complex relationship between the catalytic behavior and the structure of carbon-based SACs.