Protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum spore extract in trimethylamine-N-oxide-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.

Previous research has shown that the extracts from the Ganoderma lucidum spore (GS) have potentially cardioprotective effects, but there is still abundant room for development in determining its mechanism. In this study, the rat model of cardiac dysfunction was established by intraperitoneal injection of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and the extracts of GS (oil, lipophilic components, and polysaccharides) were given intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day to screen the pharmacological active components of GS. After 50 days of treatments, we found that the extraction from GS reduced the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein; increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein; and reduced the levels of serum TMAO when compared to the model group (P < 0.

Oligosaccharides from Slow the Progress of Aging Mice by Regulating the Key Microbiota-Metabolite Pairs.

The gut microbiota is considered an important factor in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Active research on the association between the metabolome and the gut microbiome is ongoing and can provide a large amount of beneficial information about the interactions between the microbiome and the metabolome. Previous studies have shown that the oligosaccharides from (OMO) can delay the progress of AD in model animals by regulating the diversity of the gut microbiome and metabolic components, and the correlation between the gut microbiome and metabolic components still needs to be further verified.

improves the gut microbiome structure and function in AD-like mice.

Our pre-experiments found that the brain circRNA sequence profiles and gut microbiota in AD-like mice were changed, as circNF1-419 could enhance autophagy to ameliorate senile dementia in AD-like mice, so we conclude that there might some connections between circRNA and gut microbiome. Therefore, we use the over-expressed adeno-associated virus (AAV) animal system with the aim of identifying possible connections. Our results showed that over-expression of circ in brain not only influenced the cholinergic system of brain, but also changed the gut microbiota composition as the , , , and [Eubacterium] , and the intestinal homeostasis and physiology, and even the gut microbiota trajectory in new born mice.

Circular RNA NF1-419 enhances autophagy to ameliorate senile dementia by binding Dynamin-1 and Adaptor protein 2 B1 in AD-like mice.

Recent studies have demonstrated circular RNAs (circRNAs) to be widely expressed and to have important physiological functions. However, the expression, regulation, and function of circRNAs in neuroglial cells are unknown. Herein, we characterized the expression, regulation, and function of circRNAs in astrocytes.

Corrigendum: Anti-breast Cancer Enhancement of a Polysaccharide From Spore of With Paclitaxel: Suppression on Tumor Metabolism With Gut Microbiota Reshaping.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Alcohol Extracts From Delay the Progress of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating DNA Methylation in Rodents.

Age-related changes in methylation are involved in the occurrence and development of tumors, autoimmune disease, and nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), in elderly individuals; hence, modulation of these methylation changes may be an effective strategy to delay the progression of AD pathology. In this study, the AD model rats were used to screen the main active extracts from the mushroom, , for anti-aging properties, and their effects on DNA methylation were evaluated. The results of evaluation of rats treated with 100 mg/kg/day of D-galactose to induce accelerated aging showed that alcohol extracts of contained the main active anti-aging extract.

Anti-breast Cancer Enhancement of a Polysaccharide From Spore of With Paclitaxel: Suppression on Tumor Metabolism With Gut Microbiota Reshaping.

Increasing evidence highlights the cardinal role of gut microbiota in tumorigenesis and chemotherapy outcomes. Paclitaxel (PTX), although as a first-line chemotherapy reagent for breast cancer, still requires for improvement on its efficacy and safety due to drug resistance and adverse effects. The present work explored the enhancement of a polysaccharide derived from spore of (SGP) with PTX in a murine 4T1-breast cancer model.

Antitumor Activity of Extract From the Sporoderm-Breaking Spore of : Restoration on Exhausted Cytotoxic T Cell With Gut Microbiota Remodeling.

As breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women population worldwide, ongoing endeavor has been made for alternative regimens with improved efficacy but fewer adverse effects. Recently, active components from the spores of have attracted much attention for their versatile biological activities owing to the advance in sporoderm-breaking technology. Here, anticancer potential of an extract derived from the sporoderm-breaking spores of (ESG) was explored in a 4T1-breast cancer xenograft mice model.

Effects of Oligosaccharides From on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, lacks preclinical diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Thus, earlier intervention in AD is a top priority. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota influences central nervous system disorders and that prebiotics can improve the cognition of hosts with AD, but these effects are not well understood.

Hypouricemic Effects of Extracts From on Hyperuricemia Mice and Virtual Prediction of Bioactives by Molecular Docking.

has long been utilized for promoting diuresis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with a close correlation to hypouricemia. Ethanol (AAE) and water (AAW) extracts of the compound led to a remarkable decrease in serum uric acid levels (SUA) in hyperuricemia mice, approaching that of the normal control. Both AAE and AAW exhibited suppression effects on hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD) activities and elevation effects on renal OAT1 (organic anion transporter 1).

Hypouricemic Effects of Armillaria mellea on Hyperuricemic Mice Regulated through OAT1 and CNT2.

Ethanol and water extracts of Armillaria mellea were prepared by directly soaking A. mellea in ethanol (AME) at 65[Formula: see text]C, followed by decocting the remains in water (AMW) at 85[Formula: see text]C. Significantly, AME and AMW at 30, 60 and 120[Formula: see text]mg/kg exhibited excellent hypouricemic actions, causing remarkable declines from hyperuricemic control (351[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L, [Formula: see text]) to 136, 130 and 115[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L and 250, 188 and 152[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L in serum uric acid, correspondingly.

Cordycepin, a Characteristic Bioactive Constituent in , Ameliorates Hyperuricemia through URAT1 in Hyperuricemic Mice.

Recently, we've reported the anti-hyperuricemic effects of . As a characteristic compound of , we hypothesized that cordycepin may play a role in preventing hyperurecimia. Remarkably, cordycepin produced important anti-hyperuricemic actions, decreasing SUA (serum uric acid) to 216, 210, and 203 μmol/L ( < 0.

Hypouricemic Effects of in Hyperuricemia Mice through OAT1 and GLUT9.

() dispels wind to eliminate dampness and exhibited nephron- and liver-protective effects as noted in Chinese herbal classic literature; it might also affect hyperuricemia. Therefore, we examined the hypouricemia effects and mechanisms underlying on chemical-induced hyperuricemia in mice. Ethanol (GAE) and water (GAW) extracts were prepared by extracting in ethanol (GAE), followed by bathing the remains in water to yield GAW.

Prebiotic Effect of Fructooligosaccharides from on Alzheimer's Disease in Rodent Models by Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis.

Gut microbiota influences the central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prebiotics and probiotics can improve the host cognition. A previous study demonstrated that fructooligosaccharides from (OMO) exert effective memory improvements in AD-like animals, thereby considered as potential prebiotics; however, the underlying mechanism still remains enigma.

Extracts from relieve inflammatory bowel disease by regulating immunity and gut microbiota.

(HE), a traditional edible mushroom, is known as a medicine food homology to ameliorate gastrointestinal diseases. To investigate whether HE is clinically effective in alleviating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), HE extracts (polysaccharide, alcoholic extracts and whole extracts were prepared using solvent extraction methods) were administrated for 2 weeks in rats with IBD induced by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) enema (150 mg/kg). Significant clinical and histological changes in IBD rats were identified, including damage activity, common morphous and tissue damage index scores in colonic mucosa and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.

Docking Studies and Biological Evaluation of a Potential β-Secretase Inhibitor of 3-Hydroxyhericenone F from .

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting approximately more than 5% of the population worldwide over the age 65, annually. The incidence of AD is expected to be higher in the next 10 years. AD patients experience poor prognosis and as a consequence new drugs and therapeutic strategies are required in order to improve the clinical responses and outcomes of AD.

Actions of water extract from Cordyceps militaris in hyperuricemic mice induced by potassium oxonate combined with hypoxanthine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cordyceps militaris was recorded in the classic traditional Chinese medicine book with the main functions of "protecting liver and enhancing kidney functions", influencing serum uric acid levels.

Aim Of Study: The aim is to investigate the hypouricemic effects and possible mechanism of C. militaris in hyperuricemic mice.

Effect of bajijiasu isolated from Morinda officinalis F. C. how on sexual function in male mice and its antioxidant protection of human sperm.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: In recent years, the physiological aspects of human fertility have been seriously influenced by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Almost one in 20 males has been affected by male infertility, providing a great challenge and an opportunity to use natural compounds as alternatives to chemical drugs with comprehensive adverse effects. However, ample evidences are scanty to support the physiological mechanisms of natural compounds used to treat male infertility.

Protective effects of bajijiasu in a rat model of Aβ₂₅₋₃₅-induced neurotoxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevence: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) caused by neurons and/or myelin loss lead to devastating effects on patients׳ lives. Although the causes of such complex diseases have not yet been fully elucidated, oxidative stress, mitochondrial and energy metabolism dysfunction, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis have been recognized as influential factors. Current therapies that were designed to address only a single target are unable to mitigate or prevent disease progression, and disease-modifying drugs are desperately needed, and Chinese herbs will be a good choice for screening the potential drugs.

Protective effect of Bajijiasu against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), a major protein component of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), is also directly neurotoxic. Mitigation of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity is thus a possible therapeutic approach to delay or prevent onset and progression of AD. This study evaluated the protective effect of Bajijiasu (β- D-fructofuranosyl (2-2) β- D-fructofuranosyl), a dimeric fructose isolated from the Chinese herb Radix Morinda officinalis, on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.