RNA Modification and Digestive Tract Tumors: A Review.

Gastrointestinal tumors, including colorectal and liver cancer, are among the most prevalent and lethal solid tumors. These malignancies are characterized by worsening prognoses and increasing incidence rates. Traditional therapeutic approaches often prove ineffective.

Characterization and dosimetric predictors for absolute lymphocyte count changes during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without pembrolizumab for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: an analysis of a prospective cohort.

Aim: To characterize the differences of dynamic changes for absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) among esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) with or without pembrolizumab, as well as to investigate the clinical and lymphocyte-related organs dosimetric parameters that would impact ALC nadir during nCRT.

Materials And Methods: A total of 216 ESCC patients who received nCRT (with pembrolizumab 144; without pembrolizumab: 72) were identified from a prospective cohort. Weekly and 1-month post-nCRT ALC were identified.

Prediction of individual total amino acids and free amino acids in Chinese Holstein cows milk using mid-infrared spectroscopy and their phenotypic variability.

Establishing a high-throughput detection technology for amino acid (AA) content in milk using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy has profound implications for enhancing nutritional value of milk, identifying superior milk sources, producing specialty dairy products, and expanding Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) metrics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MIR spectroscopy in predicting the content of 15 individual total AA (TAAs) and 16 free AA (FAAs) in bovine milk as well as to investigate the major factors affecting the phenotypic variability of AA content. From March 2023 to March 2024, 513 milk samples were collected from 10 Holstein dairy farms in China and analyzed using Bentley spectrometers for MIR measurements.

Prediction of the likelihood of conception to first or second insemination in Chinese Holstein cows using milk Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy.

Accurate identification of cows' likelihood of conception during the period from recent calving to the first artificial insemination (AI) will provide assistance in managing the fertility of dairy cows and contribute to the economic prosperity and sustainability of the farm. The purpose of this study was to use FTIR spectroscopy collected from recent calving to the first artificial insemination (AI) to predict the cow's likelihood of conception to first AI, first or second AI. This study specifically focused on the role of FTIR spectral and farm data collected at different time windows in improving the accuracy of model for predicting the cow's likelihood of conception to first AI, first or second AI.

The Promising Potency of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in the Prevention of and as Treatment for Cognitive Impairment Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), accounting for the majority of diabetes mellitus prevalence, is associated with an increased risk of cognition decline and deterioration of cognition function in diabetic patients. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), located in the renal proximal tubule, plays a role in urine glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), have shown potential benefits beyond cardiac and renal improvement in preventing and treating cognitive impairment (CI), including mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in T2DM patients.

BMAL1 ameliorates type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via AREG upregulation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway activation.

Cognitive impairment is a significant complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with T2DM remain elusive. Herein, we discussed the role of Bmal1, a core circadian rhythm-regulating gene, in the process of T2DM-associated cognitive dysfunction.

High piezoelectric property with exceptional stability in self-poled ferroelectric films.

Ferroelectric films are highly sought-after in micro-electro-mechanical systems, particularly with the trend towards miniaturization. However, their tendency to depolarize and degradation in piezoelectric properties when exposed to packaging procedures at temperatures exceeding 260 °C remains a significant challenge. Here, we reveal the prerequisites for self-poling and leverage these insights to achieve unprecedented macroscopic performance through a two-step approach involving texture construction and hierarchical heterogeneity engineering.

Advancements in pseudouridine modifying enzyme and cancer.

Pseudouridine (Ψ) is a post-transcriptional modifier of RNA, often referred to as the 'fifth nucleotide' owing to its regulatory role in various biological functions as well as because of its significant involvement in the pathogenesis of human cancer. In recent years, research has revealed various Ψ modifications in different RNA types, including messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, small nuclear RNA, and long noncoding RNA. Pseudouridylation can significantly alter RNA structure and thermodynamic stability, as the Ψ-adenine (A) base pair is more stable than the typical uridine (U)-A base pair is due to its structural similarity to adenine.

High-Performance Shear Mode Ultrasonic Transducer Operating at Ultrahigh Temperature Fabricated with BiSiO Piezoelectric Crystal.

Shear mode ultrasonic waves are in high demand for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications owing to their nondispersive characteristics, singular mode, and minimal energy loss, especially in harsh environments. However, the generation and detection of a pure shear wave using conventional piezoelectric materials present substantial challenges because of their complex piezoelectric response, involving multiple modes. Herein, we introduce a high-quality piezoelectric crystal BiSiO (BSO), exhibiting a robust piezoelectric response ( = 45.

Macropinocytosis enhances foamy macrophage formation and cholesterol crystallization to activate NLRP3 inflammasome after spinal cord injury.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), phagocytes endocytose myelin debris to form foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory response. It has been previously shown that macrophages become foam cells through the phagocytosis of myelin debris via receptor-dependent mechanisms after SCI. Blocking receptor-mediated endocytosis did not completely prevent foam cell formation, so we investigated receptor-independent endocytosis.

High-Pressure Low-Temperature Study of CaO(BO) ( = Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm).

We investigated the site-disorder and thermal expansion of O(BO) ( = Pr, Nd, Gd, Er, Tm) through a single crystal structural study conducted between 100 and 300 K. Additionally, a high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction study at low temperatures was conducted to determine the compressibility of both ordered and disordered prototype oxyborate lanthanides, specifically NdCaO(BO) and ErCaO(BO). The study revealed distinct behaviors consistent with their respective ionic radii.

Deciphering the atomistic mechanism underlying highly tunable piezoelectric properties in perovskite ferroelectrics via transition metal doping.

Piezoelectricity, a fundamental property of perovskite ferroelectrics, endows the materials at the heart of electromechanical systems spanning from macro to micro/nano scales. Defect engineering strategies, particularly involving heterovalent trace impurities and derived vacancies, hold great potential for adjusting piezoelectric performance. Despite the prevalent use of defect engineering for modification, a comprehensive understanding of the specific features that positively impact material properties is still lacking, this knowledge gap impedes the advancement of a universally applicable defect selection and design strategy.

Milk metabolite profiling of dairy cows as influenced by mastitis.

Mastitis is a disease with frequent incidence in dairy cows, causing huge financial losses to the dairy industry globally. The identification of certain biomarkers is crucial for the early diagnosis and management of mastitis. Metabolomics technology is a useful tool to accurately and efficiently analyze the changes of metabolites in biofluids in response to internal and external stimulations.

Engineering Magnetic Heterostructures with Synergistic Regulation of Charge-Transfer and Spin-Ordering for Enhanced Water Oxidation.

The design of heterojunctions offers a crucial solution for energy conversion and storage challenges, but current research predominantly focuses on charge transfer benefits, often neglecting spin attribute regulation despite the increasing recognition of spin-sensitivity in many chemical reactions. In this study, a novel magnetic heterostructure, CoFeO@CoFeMoO, is designed to simultaneously modulate charge and spin characteristics, and systematically elucidated their synergistic impact on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Experimental results and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the magnetic heterostructure exhibits both charge transfer and spin polarization.

Chicken GSDME, a major pore-forming molecule responsible for RNA virus-induced pyroptosis in chicken.

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory type of programmed cell death that mainly depends on the formation of plasma membrane pores by Gasdermin D (GSDMD) in mammals. However, the genetic deficiency of GSDMD in chicken renders avian pyroptosis elusive. Here, we show that infection of DF-1 cells (a chicken cell line) with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induced cell death associated with chicken GSDME (chGSDME) cleavage, and so did cells with other RNA virus (VSV, AIV, or NDV) infections, indicating a broad role of chGSDME in RNA virus-induced pyroptosis in chicken.

Correlation between serum IL-22 and IL-27 levels and vasculopathy in diabetic nephropathy patients.

Objective: To explore the correlation between serum interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels and vasculopathy in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

Methods: A total of 104 DN patients treated at the Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital were selected as the observation group, with another 104 healthy individuals, serving as the control group in this retrospective study. The baseline data and the serum levels of IL-22 and IL-27 were compared between the two groups.

Aerobic granular sludge enhances start-up and granulation in single-stage partial nitritation anammox granular sludge systems: Performance, mechanism, and shifts in bacterial communities.

The rapid start-up and granulation of a single-stage partial nitritation anammox granular sludge (PN/AnGS) system under limited seed sludge conditions is crucial for its practical application. This study proposed an aerobic granular sludge (AGS) - based strategy, enhanced the enrichment of anammox bacteria (AnAOB), and shortened the start-up time of PN/AnGS system by 20.5%.

Exploring tumor endothelial cells heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma: insights from single-cell sequencing and pseudotime analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their role in tumor progression, with the goal of identifying new therapeutic targets and strategies to improve patient prognosis.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data from nine primary liver cancer samples were analyzed, obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Data preprocessing, normalization, dimensionality reduction, and batch effect correction were performed based on the Seurat package.

A review of current developments in RNA modifications in lung cancer.

Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates worldwide and is the primary cause of cancer-related death. Despite the rapid development of diagnostic methods and targeted drugs in recent years, many lung cancer patients do not benefit from effective therapies. The emergence of drug resistance has led to a reduction in the therapeutic effectiveness of targeted drugs, highlighting a crucial need to explore novel therapeutic targets.

Oxygen vacancy induced defect dipoles in BiVO for photoelectrocatalytic partial oxidation of methane.

A strong driving force for charge separation and transfer in semiconductors is essential for designing effective photoelectrodes for solar energy conversion. While defect engineering and polarization alignment can enhance this process, their potential interference within a photoelectrode remains unclear. Here we show that oxygen vacancies in bismuth vanadate (BiVO) can create defect dipoles due to a disruption of symmetry.

The role of dietary inflammatory index in metabolic diseases: the associations, mechanisms, and treatments.

In recent years, the prevalence of metabolic diseases has increased significantly, posing a serious threat to global health. Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in the development of most metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, serving as a link between diet and these conditions. Increasing attention has been directly toward dietary inflammatory patterns that may prevent or ameliorate metabolic diseases.