Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.

Postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) is a prevalent and debilitating complication in elderly surgical patients, characterized by persistent cognitive decline that negatively affects recovery and quality of life. As the aging population grows, the rising number of elderly surgical patients has made PND an urgent clinical challenge. Despite increasing research efforts, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PND remain inadequately characterized, underscoring the need for a more integrated framework to guide targeted interventions.

Study on the Effect of Quinoa Saponins on Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells.

Quinoa saponins can inhibit the survival of specific cancer cells. However, there is still a lack of systematic research on the effects of quinoa saponins on colon cancer cells. This experiment confirmed that quinoa saponins prevented human colon cancer HT-29 cells from growing in vitro.

In vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study and cutoff of florfenicol against Riemerella anatipestifer in ducks.

Riemerella anatipestifer causes serious infections, characterized by septicemia and serositis, in ducks and geese. R. anatipestifer is mainly controlled through antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Maresin-1 Ameliorates Sepsis-Induced Microglial Activation Through Modulation of the P38 MAPK Pathway.

Sepsis is a life-threatening disease characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection, often leading to neuroinflammation. As a known immunomodulator, Maresin-1 (MaR1) may have potential applications in the treatment of sepsis-induced neuroinflammation, but its effects in this context are unknown. We used a mouse cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model and an in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory model of BV2 microglia.

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Neuropathic Pain Management: A Narrative Review.

This narrative review examines the therapeutic efficacy of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) in the treatment of neuropathic pain (NP), a type of pain arising from lesions or diseases of the somatosensory system with a global prevalence ranging from 6.90% to 10.00%.

Diaphragm ultrasonography as a monitor in assessing antagonistic effect of sugammadex on rocuronium in patients with Child-Pugh grades A and B.

Background: Although diaphragm ultrasound can be used for detecting residual neuromuscular blockade post-surgery, there exists notable dearth in contemporary research exploring the correlation between preoperative Child-Pugh classification and the effectiveness of sugammadex in reversing rocuronium-induced blockade as evaluated by diaphragmatic ultrasonography.

Methods: This was a prospective, double-blind, non-randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on patients scheduled for laparoscopic liver resection surgery. The participants were categorized into two groups, A and B, based on their preoperative Child-Pugh classification.

Muscular Function Recovery from General Anesthesia in 132 Patients Undergoing Surgery with Acceleromyography, Combined Acceleromyography, and Ultrasonography, and without Monitoring Muscular Function.

BACKGROUND Diaphragmatic thickness fraction (DTF), measured by ultrasound, can predict the occurrence of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade (RNMB). We hypothesized that the utilization of diaphragmatic ultrasound during the postoperative awakening phase of anesthesia in patients offers a successful means of avoiding RNMB in a notably comfortable manner, as compared to the use of acceleromyograph. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients who underwent elective thyroid cancer radical surgery were enrolled in this prospective clinical study.

Maresins as novel anti-inflammatory actors and putative therapeutic targets in sepsis.

Sepsis, a complex clinical syndrome characterized by an exaggerated host response to infection, often necessitates hospitalization and intensive care unit admission. Delayed or inaccurate diagnosis of sepsis, coupled with suboptimal treatment strategies, can result in unfavorable outcomes, including mortality. Maresins, a newly discovered family of lipid mediators synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid by macrophages, have emerged as key players in promoting inflammation resolution and the termination of inflammatory processes.

Maresin1 prevents sepsis-induced acute liver injury by suppressing NF-κB/Stat3/MAPK pathways, mitigating inflammation.

Aims: The treatment of sepsis remains challenging and the liver is a non-neglectful target of sepsis-induced injury. Uncontrolled inflammatory responses exert a central role in the pathophysiological process of sepsis-induced acute liver injury (SI-ALI). Maresin1 (MaR1) is a derivative of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and is effective in a variety of sepsis-related diseases.

Spatial and temporal mapping of neuron-microglia interaction modes in acute ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for 75-80% of all strokes. Under conditions of ischemia and hypoxia, neurons suffer damage or death, leading to a series of secondary immune reactions. Microglia, the earliest activated immune cells, can exert neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects on neurons through secretion of factors.

The potential role of T-cell metabolism-related molecules in chronic neuropathic pain after nerve injury: a narrative review.

Neuropathic pain is a common type of chronic pain, primarily caused by peripheral nerve injury. Different T-cell subtypes play various roles in neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve damage. Peripheral nerve damage can lead to co-infiltration of neurons and other inflammatory cells, thereby altering the cellular microenvironment and affecting cellular metabolism.

Comparison of dexmedetomidine and opioids as local anesthetic adjuvants in patient controlled epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis.

Background: Data on the efficacy and incidence of adverse effects associated with dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a local anesthetic adjuvant for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) are inconclusive. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and risks of DEX for PCEA using opioids as a reference.

Methods: Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China Biology Medicine for randomized controlled trials comparing DEX and opioids as local anesthetic adjuvants in PCEA.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is a risk indicator of Guillain-Barré syndrome and is associated with severity and short-term prognosis.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder targeting the peripheral nervous system. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple indicator of immune function, is potentially related to its incidence and severity; however, this should be confirmed. We aimed to evaluate the role of NLR in the diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of GBS.

Cell therapy for neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a lesion or a condition that affects the somatosensory system. Pathophysiologically, NP can be ascribed to peripheral and central sensitization, implicating a wide range of molecular pathways. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches are not very efficacious, with over half of NP patients failing to attain adequate pain relief.

Immunoregulatory mechanism of acute kidney injury in sepsis: A Narrative Review.

Sepsis acute kidney injury (SAKI) is a common complication of sepsis, accounting for 26-50 % of all acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is an independent risk factor for increased mortality risk in patients with sepsis. The excessive inflammatory cascade reaction in SAKI is one of the main causes of kidney damage.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of dexmedetomidine for postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine (DEX) for postoperative patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Two investigators independently searched Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and CBM for randomized controlled trials of DEX for PCIA. Thirty-seven studies with a total of 5,409 patients were included in this meta-analysis.

Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) versus laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) in the treatment of bladder cancer.

Methods: Two researchers independently searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CBM using the index words to identify the qualified studies which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (prospective and retrospective studies), and the investigators scanned references of these articles to prevent missing articles. Differences in clinical outcomes between the two procedures were analyzed by calculating odds risk (OR) and mean difference (MD) with an associated 95% confidence interval (CI).

Differential expression of DNA damage repair genes after chemoradiotherapy and inhibition rate in different bladder cancer cells.

Background: To investigate the potential mechanisms of chemoradiotherapy resistance in patients with bladder cancer.

Methods: We assessed three bladder cancer cell lines (5637, J82, and TCCSUP) for their sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of specific genes after chemoradiotherapy or combined with olaparib.

Serum albumin, cognitive function, motor impairment, and survival prognosis in Parkinson disease.

The role of albumin in Parkinson disease (PD) is not well understood, our study will investigate the association between the serum albumin level and risk of dementia, motor impairment, as well as survival outcome in PD. Data were obtained from the publicly available dataset in the DRYAD database (https://datadryad.org/).

The removal of NO from flue gas by NaOH-catalyzed HO system: Mechanism exploration and primary experiment.

Currently, most advanced oxidation denitrification technologies require long flue gas residence time to obtain ideal NO removal efficiency. The NaOH-catalyzed HO system proposed in this paper can obtain 98% NO removal efficiency under the condition of flue gas residence time of 3 s. The mechanism of NO removal and HO decomposition to O were proposed.

CEO turnover and corporate innovation: What can we learn from Chinese listed companies.

Using data of China's listed companies from 2000 to 2016, we employ a staggered difference-in-difference (DID) approach to identify the causal effects of CEO turnover on corporate innovation. First, we find that listed companies with CEO turnover experienced an average increase of 9.5% in the quantity of innovation and 8.

Digital transformation, green innovation and the Solow productivity paradox.

To provide evidence at the micro level for cracking the Solow productivity paradox, this paper deeply studies the impact of enterprise digital transformation on green innovation. In terms of theoretical research, three potential mechanisms are excavated for the first time; considering empirical research, a series of strict causal effect identification strategies are carried out. The results show that enterprise digital transformation can significantly promote green innovation, and it passes a series of robustness tests and endogenous tests.