Glutaminolysis is required in maintaining immune regulatory functions in B cells.

IL-10-expressing regulatory B cells (B10 cells) are dysfunctional in patients with many immune disorders. The underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Glutamine is an essential nutrient for cell metabolism.

Interaction between Ras and Bcl2L12 in B cells suppresses IL-10 expression.

The pathogenesis of recurrent tonsillitis is to be further investigated. B cell-derived interleukin (IL)-10 plays a critical role in immune regulation. Ras activation plays an important role in cancer and many immune disorders.

A20-OVA Nanoparticles Inhibit Allergic Asthma in a Murine Model.

The skewed T helper (Th) 2 response plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and the regulatory cytokines are required in maintaining the homeostasis in the body. This study aims to determine the effects of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-ovalbumin (OVA)+A20 (a ubiquitin E3 ligase) nanovaccine on inhibiting allergic asthma in a murine model.

Feasibility of a remote monitoring system for home-based non-invasive positive pressure ventilation of children and infants.

Objective: We examined the safety, efficacy, and caregiver satisfaction of a remote monitoring system for home-based non-invasive positive pressure ventilation of children and infants with upper airway obstruction.

Methods: Fourteen pediatric patients (age 50 days to 12 years) treated in our ENT unit from March 2009 to July 2011 and requiring home-based non-invasive positive pressure ventilation were enrolled in this feasibility study; one patient underwent CPAP and the other 13 patients underwent Bi-PAP. User satisfaction with the monitoring system was assessed by questionnaires given at regular intervals to parents and attending physicians.

[Application of minimally invasive technique of coblation in 30 infants with epiglottic cyst].

Objective: To present the efficacy of minimally invasive technology of coblation in the treatment of infant epiglottic cyst.

Methods: The clinical data of 30 infants with epiglottic cyst treated between January 2008 and January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. All infants with epiglottic cyst were treated with the ArthroCare ENT Coblator II Surgery System after being checked completely.

[Study of arousal index in children with sleep-disordered breathing].

Objective: To explore which index is more suitable to show the degree of sleep fragment in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: Between October 2009 and August 2011, Forty-five children (4 - 8 years) who were diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) were enrolled in OSAHS group[obstructive apnea index (OAI) > 1 times/h or apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 times/h, lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) < 0.92] and 54 children were enrolled in SDB group (1 ≤ AHI ≤ 5 times/h and OAI ≤ 1 times/h), 18 children with chorditis nodules made up control group (AHI < 1 times/h and LSaO2 ≥ 0.

[Reasons of multiple operations in children with airway foreign body].

Objective: To explore the reasons of multiple operations in children with airway foreign body through analyzing the clinical data of children who received two or more operations.

Methods: From 2003 to 2009, all children with airway foreign body who received two or more operations in hospital were enrolled. The clinical manifestations, image before and after operation and intraoperative conditions were retrospectively analyzed, in order to find the reasons of multiple operations.

[Correlation between serum uric acid levels and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome in children].

Objective: To explore the level of serum uric acid (UA) in children with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Method: Between Sep. 2008 and Mar.

[Diagnostic role of pulse transit time in children with sleep disordered breathing].

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of pulse transit time (PTT) in children with sleep disordered breathing(SDB).

Methods: Forty eight randomly selected snorers (2 - 13 years) with SDB were examined by PSG and PTT in the same time. Data obtained were analyzed by different technicians respectively.

[A preliminary study of the secondary postoperative haemorrhage in pediatric coblation adenotonsillectomy].

Objective: To compare secondary postoperative haemorrhage rate of coblation with the conventional pediatric adenotonsillectomy. And to analyze possible reasons which cause the secondary bleeding after coblation adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: A retrospective study was applied to compare the secondary postoperative haemorrhage rate and the bleeding moment between two groups in which 1-14 years old children from April 2005 to September 2009 in Guangzhou Children's Hospital were included.

[Study on periodic limb movement during sleep in children with sleep-disordered breathing].

Objective: To explore the correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO₂) in sixty-four children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: Between March 2008 and May 2009, sixty-four children suspected of OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnogram monitoring in our medicine sleep center. OSAHS was diagnosed according to the general criterion.

[Clinical analysis of upper airway resistance syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children].

Objective: To analyze the similarities and differences of the clinical manifestations between the children with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and to explore the clinical features and characteristics of sleep respiratory parameters.

Methods: Using the double-blind method, all children were diagnosed as UARS or OSAHS through the polysomnography test and the results of all children were analyzed by a sleep technician and an otolaryngologist. Another ENT doctor recorded their clinical and physical examination in detail.

[Arousals in children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To explore the difference of arousal index between the children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and children with primary snoring. Furthermore, to explore the correlation between the above mentioned arousals and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO(2)).

Methods: Between March 2007 and February 2008, 102 children suspected of OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnogram monitoring in our medicine sleep center.

[Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children with risk factors].

Objective: To analyse the clinical features of children with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), accompanying with risk factors.

Methods: The clinic data of 19 patients treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Guangzhou Children's Hospital between January 2005 to January 2008 were investigated retrospectively. Among them, 5 were < 2 years old, 6 with craniofacial deformity: small mandible and (or) mandibular retrusion (5 cases), transverse facial cleft (1 case), Down's syndrome (2 cases), cerebral palsy (2 cases), chronic bronchitis (3 cases) and mucopolysaccharidoses (1 case).