[Assessing the Environmental and Health Co-benefits of Accelerated Energy Transition and Industrial Restructuring: A Case Study of the BTHS Region].

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong Region (BTHS Region) is a crucial area for China to achieve synergy between pollution reduction and carbon emissions reduction. The demand for coordinated emissions reduction through source control measures such as energy transition and industrial restructuring are becoming increasingly necessary owing to the limited emissions reductions potential of end-of-pipe control measures. An assessment of the emissions reductions potential through strengthening the end-of-pipe control in the BTHS Region, as well as the environmental and health co-benefits from accelerated energy transition and industrial restructuring, was conducted using scenario simulation analysis based on the REACH model.

[Pollution Characteristics and Factors Influencing the Reduction in Ambient PM in Beijing from 2018 to 2020].

Air quality data from 33 environment sites and five regional sites from 2018 to 2020, as well as meteorological data, were used to research PM variation,spatial and temporal change, diurnal variation, and heavy pollutions in Beijing. The annual average mass concentrations of PM in Beijing were 51, 42, and 38 μg·m, which showed great progress in air quality improvement. However, the PM concentration in 2020 was still 8.

PIC-integrable high-responsivity germanium waveguide photodetector in the C + L band.

We report the demonstration of a germanium waveguide p-i-n photodetector (PD) for the C + L band light detection. Tensile strain is transferred into the germanium layer using a SiN stressor on top surface of the germanium. The simulation and experimental results show that the trenches must be formed around the device, so that the strain can be transferred effectively.

[Source Apportionment of PM in Suburban Area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in Autumn and Winter].

To identify the main sources of PM in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, PM samples were collected at four suburban sites in BTH region during autumn and winter in 2014-2015. Source apportionment of PM was conducted using the chemical mass balance model (CMB). It shows that the main sources of PM in autumn and winter were secondary aerosols (36%-58%), traffic (8%-26%), residential coal combustion (8%-16%), and biomass burning (5%-16%).

Stat3/Oct-4/c-Myc signal circuit for regulating stemness-mediated doxorubicin resistance of triple-negative breast cancer cells and inhibitory effects of WP1066.

Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs), however resistance limits its effectiveness. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with Dox resistance in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) may functionally shift non-CSCs towards CSCs.

Lead Isotopic Compositions of Selected Coals, Pb/Zn Ores and Fuels in China and the Application for Source Tracing.

Lead (Pb) pollution emission from China is becoming a potential worldwide threat. Pb isotopic composition analysis is a useful tool to accurately trace the Pb sources of aerosols in atmosphere. In this study, a comprehensive data set of Pb isotopes for coals, Pb/Zn ores, and fuels from China was presented.

[Assessment of PM Pollution Mitigation due to Emission Reduction from Main Emission Sources in the Bejing-Tianjin-Hebei Region].

This study chose two months (January and July) in 2012 which represent winter and summer respectively, to assess the effects of fine particle(PM) pollution elimination due to emission control from different sectors in the Bejing-Tianjin-Hebei region by using CMAQ/2D-VBS modeling system. The results showed that, industrial emissions contributed most to PM pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, followed by domestic emissions, while the contribution of per ton emission reduced for industrial sectors subject to domestic sectors. The total contribution and contribution of per ton emission reduced for transportation and power plant were both at low level.

[Mercury Emission Characteristics and Mercury Concentrations of Municipal Solid Waste in Waste Incineration Plants].

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration is one of the most important atmospheric mercury emission sources. To investigate the mercury concentrations of MSW and mercury emission characteristics in incineration plants, this study analyzed the MSW sampled in 3 typical MSW incineration plants in Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhu respectively. The exhaust gas samples in incineration plants were sampled by using OH (Ontario Hydro) method.

[Characteristics of Speciated Atmospheric Mercury in Chongming Island, Shanghai].

Continuous monitoring of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) and particulate mercury (PBM) was conducted in the Dongtan wetland park in Chongming Island, Shanghai from March 2014 to February 2015. The average concentrations of GEM, RGM, and PBM were (2.75±1.

[Mercury Distribution Characteristics and Atmospheric Mercury Emission Factors of Typical Waste Incineration Plants in Chongqing].

Waste incineration is one of the important atmospheric mercury emission sources. The aim of this article is to explore the atmospheric mercury pollution level of waste incineration industry from Chongqing. This study investigated the mercury emissions from a municipal solid waste incineration plant and a medical waste incineration plant in Chongqing.

[Evaluation and source analysis of the mercury pollution in soils and vegetables around a large-scale zinc smelting plant].

The farming soil and vegetable samples around a large-scale zinc smelter were collected for mercury content analyses, and the single pollution index method with relevant regulations was used to evaluate the pollution status of sampled soils and vegetables. The results indicated that the surface soil and vegetables were polluted with mercury to different extent. Of the soil samples, 78% exceeded the national standard.

[Characteristics of total gaseous mercury concentrations at a rural site of Yangtze Delta, China].

The ambient concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in Chongming Island, Shanghai, were continuously observed using the Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer from 15th September to 17th December, 2009. The average concentration of TGM during our observation is (2.50 +/- 1.

[Study on mercury re-emissions during fly ash utilization].

The amount of fly ash produced during coal combustion is around 400 million tons per year in China. About 65%-68% of fly ash is used in building material production, road construction, architecture and agriculture. Some of these utilization processes include high temperature procedures, which may lead to mercury re-emissions.

[Characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from biofuel combustion in China].

Biofuel combustion is an important source of VOCs in China. Measurements were conducted to determine the characteristics of VOCs emitted from combustion of 5 typical biofuels. A carbon mass balance method was used to determine VOCs emission factors.

Particle size distribution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emissions from agricultural crop residue burning.

Laboratory measurements were conducted to determine particle size distribution and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions from the burning of rice, wheat, and corn straws, three major agricultural crop residues in China. Particle size distributions were determined by a wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS). PAHs in both the particulate and gaseous phases were simultaneously collected and analyzed by GC-MS.

[Uncertainty analysis of emission inventory for volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in China].

This study analyzed the uncertainties in the Chinese anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) emission inventory. The uncertainty evaluation system for input information including activity data and emission factors was established to provide the probability density function of each input datum. Monte Carlo method was applied to propagate the uncertainties of emissions' input data and calculate the probability density function of total VOC emissions.

[Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation of nitrogen oxide control technologies for coal-fired power plants].

A multi-level assessment index system was established to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate the performance of typical nitrogen oxide control technologies for coal-fired power plants. Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation was conducted to assess six NO, control technologies, including low NO, burner (LNB), over the fire (OFA), flue gas reburning (Reburning), selective catalyst reduction (SCR), selective non-catalyst reduction (SNCR) and hybrid SCR/SNCR. Case studies indicated that combination of SCR and LNB are the optimal choice for wall-fired boilers combusting anthracite coal which requires NO, removal efficiency to be over 70%, however, for W-flame or tangential boilers combusting bituminous and sub-bituminous coal which requires 30% NO, removal, LNB and reburning are better choices.

[Temporal and spatial distribution of anthropogenic ammonia emissions in China: 1994-2006].

Ammonia has both direct and indirect impacts on important environmental issues including acid deposition, regional fine particles and eutrophication. Estimation of anthropogenic ammonia emissions will provide valuable information for the pollution control of acid deposition and regional fine particle. Based on the provincial activity data on N-fertilizer application, livestock farming, N-fertilizer production and populations, this paper uses emission factor method to estimate China's atmospheric ammonia emissions, analyzes its historical trends and presents its geographical distributions from year 1994 to 2006.

[Estimation and forecast of volatile organic compounds emitted from paint uses in China].

Based on the current consumptions and forecast consumptions of paints in China, using the volatile organic compounds (VOC) contents of paints calculated as emission factors, an emission inventory model was established to calculate provincial, sector-specific, and species-specific VOC emissions during 2005-2020. The results indicated that the VOC amount emitted from paint use was 1883 kt in 2005, of which aromatics, alcohol compounds, ester compounds, ether compounds and ketone compounds were the main species. The maximum incremental reactivity (MIR,O3/VOC) of VOC emitted in 2005 was about 3.

[Emission characteristics of fine particles from grate firing boilers].

Grate firing boilers are the main type of Chinese industrial boilers, which accounts for 85% of the industrial boilers and is one of the most important emission sources of primary air pollutants in China. In this study, five boilers in three cities were selected and tested to measure the emission characteristics of PM2.5, and gaseous pollutants were applied by a compact dilution sampling system, which was developed for this field study.

[Estimate the mercury emissions from non-coal sources in China].

Based on the activity level and emission factors, we estimated the provincial mercury emissions from non-coal sources during the period of 1995 -2003 in China. In the year of 2003, non-coal mercury emissions in China reached 393 tonnes, which was 137 tonnes more than the emissions from coal combustion. Approximately 84 % of the non-coal mercury emissions came from nonferrous metals smelting.