Electro-response characteristic of starch hydrogel crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde.

The facile synthesis of the starch hydrogel with anisotropic microstructure and dynamic behaviors was developed in the presence (A-gel) and absence of DC electric field (B-gel). The microstructures of hydrogels were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope. Their electro-responsive property of hydrogels was investigated with their storage modulus (G').

Tempol, one of nitroxides, is a novel ultraviolet-A1 radiation protector for human dermal fibroblasts.

Background: Nitroxide has been reported to have antioxidant and some photoprotective properties. Exposure of skin to ultraviolet-A1 (UVA1, 340-400 nm) can lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, reduction in collagen, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Objective: The goal of this research was to determine the effects of 4-hydroxy-Tempo (Tempol), one of nitroxides, in the presence of UVA1 on cytotoxicity, superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation, and expression of collagen I, collagen III and MMP-1, MMP-3 in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro.