Indian monsoon drove the dispersal of the group of spitting spiders.

We examined the global biogeography of the group of spitting spiders based on 23 years of sampling at the species level (61 species in the group and 84 species of ) using DNA data from six loci. Our results indicated that the group initially dispersed from Southeast Asia to East Africa between 46.5 and 33.

Diversity of Spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae) in China's Lüliang Mountains: An Integrated Morphological and Molecular Approach.

Spiders of the genus were collected for the first time during an expedition to the Lüliang Mountains in Shanxi Province, North China. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data from COI, H3, wnt, and 28S genes allowed us to group them into nine well-supported clades. We used morphology and four methods of molecular species delimitation, namely Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP), and Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP), to investigate species boundaries.

Cenozoic Tethyan changes dominated Eurasian animal evolution and diversity patterns.

Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has greatly changed the landforms and environment of Eurasia, driving the evolution of animals and greatly affecting the diversity patterns of Eurasian animals. By combining the latest Tethyan paleogeographic models and some recently published Eurasian zoological studies, we systematically summarize how tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has influenced the evolution and diversity patterns of Eurasian animals. The convergence of continental plates, closure of Tethys Sea, and Tethyan sea-level changes have directly affected the composition and spatial distribution of Eurasian animal diversity.

Correcting Wide Alar Base and Flare With Combined Sill and Alar Excision in Asian Patients.

Background: Obvious scar and deformities are commonly observed with incision anterior to the alar-facial groove in alar excision surgery. The authors explored modified sill and alar excision to correct wide alar base and flare synchronously and decreased incident of unacceptable scar and deformities in Asian patients.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study including 52 consecutive patients undergoing this surgery.

[Significance of spinal sagittal balance for guiding acetabular prosthesis positioning].

Since the concept of "safe area" put forward by Lewinnek, it has been widely recognized. While in recent years, many scholars have found that even if the acetabular prosthesis was placed on the "safe area", there were still many unexplained dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. And scholars began to question whether the "safe area" is really suitable for all patients.

Tip of the iceberg: species diversity of spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae) in the Changbai Mountains, Northeast China.

Despite 250 years of taxonomic classification and over 1.2 million species already catalogued, known species diversity is only a small part of true species diversity on Earth, and thus, the known species are only the tip of iceberg. Here, we investigated the genus Walckenaer, 1805 of the family Pholcidae C.

Comparative transcriptomics highlights convergent evolution of energy metabolic pathways in group-living spiders.

Although widely thought to be aggressive, solitary, and potentially cannibalistic, some spider species have evolved group-living behaviors. The distinct transition provides the framework to uncover group-living evolution. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic study and examined patterns of molecular evolution in two independently evolved group-living spiders and twelve solitary species.

Oxidation of isoprene by titanium oxide cluster cations in the gas phase.

The heterogeneous oxidation of isoprene (C5H8) by metal-oxide particles, such as the typical mineral aerosols TiO2, plays an important role in the isoprene atmospheric chemistry. However, the underlying mechanism of C5H8 oxidation remains elusive owing to the complexities of aerosol surfaces and reaction channels. Herein, we report the gas-phase reactions of TixOy+ (x = 1-7, y = 1-14) cations with isoprene by using mass spectrometry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Taxonomic notes on Leptonetidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from China, with descriptions of one new genus and eight new species.

Species of the spider family Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 from China are revised based on molecular and morphological data analyses. A new genus, Wang & Li ., is erected, with Tong & Li, 2008 as the type species.

Correction: Hyperhomocysteinemia in ApoE-/- Mice Leads to Overexpression of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 via miR-92a Regulation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Livin Regulates H2A.X Phosphorylation and Promotes Autophagy in Colon Cancer Cells via a Novel Kinase Activity.

To investigate Livin-mediated regulation of H2A.X phosphorylation via a novel kinase activity and its effect on autophagy in colon cancer cells. The interaction between Livin and H2A.

Elevated synovial fluid IL-33 and IL-6 levels and cartilage degeneration in stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Background: Few studies have investigated interleukin (IL)-33 as a potential proinflammtory cytokine in the joint cavity following subchondral fracture occurring during osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IL-33 and other proinflammtory cytokines, in addition to cartilage degeneration, were elevated in the joint cavity following subchondral fracture.

Methods: IL-33 levels were analyzed in the plasma, synovial fluid, and bone marrow aspirate, and the levels of IL-6, IL-17, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-13, and carboxy-terminal telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II) in synovial fluid were also quantitated to compare the levels of these proteins between stages II and III.

Livin promotes colon cancer progression by regulation of H2A.X via JMJD6.

Livin is an important member of the human inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family. IAPs are proteins with antiapoptotic abilities, and their functions are different from the Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) family proteins. However, the precise role of Livin in colon cancer progression remains unclear.

[Phase I total hip replacement for severe hip osteoarthritis with proximal femoral fractures].

Objective: To investigate the effect and prognosis of stage I total hip replacement in the treatment of severe hip osteoarthritis with proximal femoral fracture.

Methods: From July 2014 to October 2017, 8 patients with severe end-stage hip disease and proximal femoral fracture were treated with stage I total hip replacement including 6 males and 2 females, aged 59 to 72 years old with an average age of 65 years old, involving 4 femoral head necrosis with proximal femoral fracture in the right side, 3 femoral head necrosis with proximal femoral fracture in the left side, and 1 left acetabular dysplasia with proximal femoral fracture in the left side. The average time from injury to operation was 7 days.

[Repairing diabetic rats with bone defect by VEGF165 gene modified adipose-derived stem cells].

Objective: To explore repairing results of VEGF165 gene modified adipose-derived stem cells for diabetic rats with bone defect.

Methods: Seventy-eight male Wistar rats weighted 180 to 220 g were selected, 72 rats were established diabetic animal models by streptozotocin inducement method, blood glucose level was more than 16.7 mmol/L.

Differential expression of adipokines in knee osteoarthritis patients with and without metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare adipokines levels in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) between knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to evaluate the associations between adipokines levels and clinical severity of knee osteoarthritis.

Methods: Eighty female patients with knee osteoarthritis were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into two groups: patients with and without MetS.

Integrative taxonomy of spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae), with descriptions of 46 new species.

Extreme environments, such as subterranean habitats, are suspected to be responsible for morphologically inseparable cryptic or sibling species and can bias biodiversity assessment. A DNA barcode is a short, standardized DNA sequence used for taxonomic purposes and has the potential to lessen the challenges presented by a biotic inventory. Here, we investigate the diversity of the genus Kratochvíl, 1978 that is endemic to karst systems in Eurasia using DNA barcoding.

Nine new species of the spider genus (Araneae, Scytodidae) from China and Thailand.

Nine new species of the genus Ono, 1995 are described: Wu & Li sp. n. (♀, Guangxi), Wu & Li sp.

Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Bone Stock in Patients With Crowe Type III Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Implications for Guiding Acetabular Component Placement Using the High Hip Center Technique.

Background: We evaluated acetabular cup coverage (CC) and rim contact (RC) to evaluate the bone stock above the acetabulum for guiding acetabular component placement using the high hip center technique in patients with Crowe type III developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Methods: Using hip computed tomography and image processing software, pelvises were reconstructed digitally in 20 hips with Crowe type III developmental dysplasia of the hip. Mimicked cup was placed with anteversion angles of 0° (group I), 5° (group II), and 10° (group III) respectively.