IL-11 drives the phenotypic transformation of tracheal epithelial cells and fibroblasts to enhance abnormal repair after tracheal injury.

Tracheal stenosis (TS) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disease that can easily lead to respiratory failure and even death. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) has recently received increased attention as a fibrogenic factor, but its function in TS is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of IL-11 in TS regulation based on clinical samples from patients with TS and a rat model of TS produced by nylon brush scraping.

Development and evaluation of a rapid and sensitive multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with a lateral flow dipstick assay for detection of in spiked blood specimens.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish the multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification with a lateral flow dipstick (MIRA-LFD) assay and evaluate its performance in detection of in spiked blood specimens.

Methods: The study was divided into two stages: a pilot study to establish the methodology and a clinical validation study to evaluate its performance. In the first step, we designed primers specific to detect , optimized the MIRA-LFD assay and analyzed its performance regarding limits of detection, reproducibility, specificity, and efficiency of detection using real-time PCR method.

Collective outbreak of severe acute histoplasmosis in immunocompetent Chinese in South America: the clinical characteristics and continuous monitoring of serum cytokines/chemokines.

Background: Acute histoplasmosis is a rare fungal disease in China. This study is aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics of the first large-scale outbreak of imported acute histoplasmosis in Chinese, so as to provide suggestions for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: We collected the symptoms, signs, laboratory examination and imaging data of 10 patients in so far the biggest outbreak of imported acute histoplasmosis in immunocompetent Chinese.

The biomarkers of key miRNAs and gene targets associated with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Gene expression profiling studies have shown the pathogenetic role of oncogenic pathways in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL). In this study, we aimed to identify the microRNAs (miRNAs) playing potential roles in ENKL, and to evaluate the genes and biological pathways associated to them. Gene expression profiles of ENKL patients were acquired from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database.

Key determinants of misdiagnosis of tracheobronchial tuberculosis among senile patients in contemporary clinical practice: A retrospective analysis.

Background: Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is a common subtype of pulmonary tuberculosis. Concomitant diseases often obscure the diagnosis of senile TBTB.

Aim: To characterize senile patients with TBTB and to identify the potential causes of misdiagnosis.

Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-cell Lymphoma.

Objective: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) is aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a potentially curative treatment for high-risk lymphomas owing to its associated graft-versus-lymphoma (GVL) effect. However, its application to ENKL is limited.

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Pulmonary benign metastatic leiomyoma (PBML), which is very rare, is a type of benign metastatic leiomyoma (BML). Here, we report a case of PBML, finally diagnosed through multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions, and provide a literature review of the disease.

Case Summary: A 55-year old asymptomatic woman was found to have bilateral multiple lung nodules on a chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan.

Cigarette smoke extract alters the cell cycle via the phospholipid transfer protein/transforming growth factor-β1/CyclinD1/CDK4 pathway.

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced alteration of the cell cycle and the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats and the rat alveolar epithelial cell line (RLE-6TN) were exposed to normal air or different concentrations of CSE. Then PLTP siRNA was transfected into cells and an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was administered prior to CSE exposure.

Efficacy and safety of cryobiopsy versus forceps biopsy for interstitial lung diseases and lung tumours: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Forceps biopsy (FB) is the most commonly used diagnostic tool for lung pathologies. FB is associated with a high diagnostic failure rate. Cryobiopsy (CB) is a novel technique providing a larger specimen size, few artefacts, more alveolar parts and superior diagnostic yield.

Endobronchial ultrasound and bronchial artery embolization for Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus in a teenager: A case report.

Dieulafoy's disease of the bronchus is a relatively rare cause of hemoptysis. It can be completely asymptomatic and diagnosed as an incidental finding on bronchoscopy. At the other end of the spectrum, it can present with potentially fatal hemorrhage.

Cigarette smoke extract induces apoptosis of rat alveolar Type II cells via the PLTP/TGF-β1/Smad2 pathway.

Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) may play a role in apoptosis. In the present study, the effect of the novel function of PLTP in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and the possible mechanism were examined.

Expression of Derlin-1 and its effect on expression of autophagy marker genes under endoplasmic reticulum stress in lung cancer cells.

Background: Recent findings indicated that Derlin-1 has an important function in tumour progression. In this study, we aimed to determine whether Derlin-1 has an oncogene function as a cross-talk molecule with autophagy.

Methods: Cancer cells were treated with tunicamycin (TM) for 8 and 24 h.

Titer dynamic analysis of D29 within MTB-infected macrophages and effect on immune function of macrophages.

The use of mycobacteriophage D29 to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-infected macrophages results in significant inhibitory activity. This study aims to explore the novel treatment strategy of intracellular mycobacterial infection from the point of view of phages. We investigated the dynamic phagocytosis and elimination of D29 by macrophages, measured the titer of D29 inside and outside MTB within macrophages by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and detected the levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatants of D29-infected macrophages by ELISA.

In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of a multi-epitope heparinase vaccine for various malignancies.

Previous studies have indicated that heparanase (Hpa) might represent a candidate universal tumor-associated antigen. However, vaccine therapy targeting only one cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope is suboptimal in preventing cancer. In the present study, we designed heparanase multi-epitope vaccines to increase the immune response to standard single heparanase epitopes.

CYP2A6 deletion polymorphism is associated with decreased susceptibility of lung cancer in Asian smokers: a meta-analysis.

Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of some tobacco carcinogens, which is an important risk factor of lung cancer. Among CYP2A6 allelic variants, CYP2A6*4 presents a whole gene deletion that accounts for the majority of poor metabolizer. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between CYP2A6*4 and risk of lung cancer.

Clinical significance of annexin II expression in human non-small cell lung cancer.

The aim of the present study is to explore the role of annexin II in the development and progression of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to detect annexin II mRNA expression. Annexin II protein expression was also determined by western blot.

Mammalian mediator 19 mediates H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cell clone conformation, growth, and metastasis.

Mammalian mediator (MED) is a multi-protein coactivator that has been identified by several research groups. The involvement of the MED complex subunit 19 (MED 19) in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (H1299), which expresses the MED 19 subunit, was here investigated. When MED 19 expression was decreased by RNA interference H1299 cells demonstrated reduced clone formation, arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle, and lowered metastatic capacity.

[A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study to evaluate the clinical effects and quality of life of paclitaxel-carboplatin (PC) alone or combined with endostar for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy and quality of life and safety for paclitaxel and carboplatin (TC) and TC combined with endostar in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. A total of 126 cases of untreated advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study.