Metal-free alkyne annulation enabling π-extension of boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

A C-H functionalizing annulation reaction of boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with alkynes is described. This metal-free π-extension provides a new synthetic route to fusion atom B-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that is demonstrated with the synthesis of a family of new, functionalized, structurally constrained 6a,15a-diborabenzo[]naphtho[2,1-]picenes. These annulation products exhibit deep LUMO energy levels, strong visible-range absorptions, and sterically accessible π-systems that can adopt herringbone or π-stacked solid-state structures based on choice of substituents.

Wood cellulose microfibrils have a 24-chain core-shell nanostructure in seed plants.

Wood cellulose microfibril (CMF) is the most abundant organic substance on Earth but its nanostructure remains poorly understood. There are controversies regarding the glucan chain number (N) of CMFs during initial synthesis and whether they become fused afterward. Here, we combined small-angle X-ray scattering, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction analyses to resolve CMF nanostructures in native wood.

Hydrogen phosphates play a critical structural role in amorphous calcium phosphates.

Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is an intriguing mineral phase of calcium phosphate in its own right, in addition to its relevance in biomineralization. We hereby demonstrate that ACPs prepared by different synthetic routes such as the crosslinking of inorganic oligomers and polymer-induced liquid precursors have distinctive relative compositions of orthophosphate and hydrogen phosphate, and the extent of their hydrogen bonding with water. For all the ACPs or ACP-derived materials studied in this work, the species of hydrogen phosphate is the most important structural element.

Progress in biological activities and biosynthesis of edible fungi terpenoids.

The edible fungi have both edible and medicinal functions, in which terpenoids are one of the most important active ingredients. Terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities and show great potential in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. In this review, the diverse biological activities of edible fungi terpenoids were summarized with emphasis on the mechanism of anti-cancer and anti-inflammation.

Enhancement of carotenoid production and its regulation in edible mushroom Cordyceps militaris by abiotic stresses.

Cordyceps militaris carotenoids are widely used as food additives, animal feed supplements, and so on. However, the biosynthetic pathway of carotenoids in C. militaris is still obscure.

[Characteristics of Elements in PM and PM in Road Dust Fall During Spring in Tianjin].

To explore the element pollution characteristics and sources of road dust fall, road dust fall samples were collected during spring in Tianjin and suspended to obtain PM and PM, 16 elements were analyzed, and then their characteristics, sources, and similarities were studied by nonparametric tests, the coefficient of divergence, and enrichment factor. The results showed that the mass fraction (1%-20%) in sequential order of the elements in PM and PM in Tianjin road dust fall were Si > Al > Ca > Fe > Mg > K > Na. The coefficient of divergence of elements in PM and PM was 0.

[Chemical constituents from roots of Ligularia intermedia].

A new sesquiterpenoid, 8α-hydroxy-6β-methoxy-1-oxoeremophila-7 (11), 9 (10) -diene-12, 8-olide (1) and five known compounds, petasin (2), caffeic acid (3), hepta-cosanol (4), β-sitosterol (5) and β-daucosterol (6) have been isolated from the roots of Ligularia intermedia. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and identified based on spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR).

Nonunified integral imaging elemental image array generation method based on selective pixel sampling algorithm.

We propose a method based on the selective pixel sampling algorithm to generate a nonunified integral imaging (II) elemental image array (EIA) with reduced moiré patterns at a low rendering cost and high three-dimensional (3D) resolution. In the proposed method, the redundant 3D information is captured for the nonunified pixel arrangement of elemental images, and the moiré patterns are constrained by the constraint equations. The nonunified EIA's corresponding information is mapped from the obtained 3D information based on the selective pixel sampling algorithm.

Partially-overlapped viewing zone based integral imaging system with super wide viewing angle.

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between viewer and viewing zones of integral imaging (II) system and present a partially-overlapped viewing zone (POVZ) based integral imaging system with a super wide viewing angle. In the proposed system, the viewing angle can be wider than the viewing angle of the conventional tracking based II system. In addition, the POVZ can eliminate the flipping and time delay of the 3D scene as well.

[A new eremophilane derivative from Ligularia intermedia].

A new eremophilane derivative, (3aR,4R,5S,7S,7aS)-2-acetyl-7,7a-dihydroxy-3a,4-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-inden-5-yl acetate (1) and three known compounds, 10beta-hydroxy-eremophil-7 (11)-en-12,8alpha-olide(2), beta-sitosterol (3) and beta-daucosterol(4) have been isolated from Ligularia intermedia. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20,and identified on the basis of spectral analyses (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR).

Secolignans, neolignans and phenylpropanoids from Daphne feddei and their biological activities.

Two new secolignans and one new neolignan, named feddeiphenols A-C (1-3), together with eight known compounds (4-11), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daphne feddei. Their structures were established on the base of spectroscopic methods, mainly extensive NMR, UV spectroscopy, and MS spectrometry. Compounds 1-11 were tested for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activity and cytotoxicity.

SLAM family predicting the initiation potential of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia in NOD/SCID mice.

Background: The SLAM family recently has been reported to show an important biological role in lymphocyte development and immunological function, and it is efficient to highly purify hematopoietic stem cells using a simple combination of SLAM family members. To elucidate the presence of this family on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as its relationship with the leukemia-initiating potential, we analyzed the expression pattern of this family members on human ALL progenitor cells, combined with serial xenotransplantation assay.

Methods: Expression analysis was carried out by flow cytometry.

[Optimal lamivudine treatment duration and the relationship between its early response and long term effect].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the method of administration of lamivudine and the therapeutic effect of the treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-nine patients were given lamivudine 100 mg daily for 1 to 3 years. The relationships of the therapeutic effect and the early response, YMDD mutants and duration of treatment were analyzed.

Differentiation of hepatocytoid cell induced from whole-bone-marrow method isolated rat myeloid mesenchymal stem cells.

Aim: To explore the expansion and differentiation of hepatocytoid cell induced from myeloid mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) in vitro, in order to find suitable resource of hepatocytes for bioartificial liver or liver transplantation.

Methods: The rat myeloid MSC was isolated and divided into three groups which were cultured by Friedensteion method, and then were induced by culture fluid, culture fluid plus cholestatic serum and culture fluid plus hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), respectively. Hepatocytoid cell as well as expression of CK18 and AFP was observed by immunohistochemistry.

[In vitro study on Hep G2 cell infected by hepatitis C virus].

Objective: To establish hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected cell model which is similar to the infection in vivo and can support HCV to replicate for a long time.

Methods: After infected with HCV-positive serum, Hep G2 cells were cultured for 60 days. Nested RT-PCR was used to detect plus and minus HCV RNA in cultured cells and supernatants.

[Influence of process methods on contents of chemical component Radix Polygoni Multiflori].

Different methods of processing Radix Polygoni Multiflori and the change of chemical components including emodin, physcion, 2,3,5,4'-stilbene glucoside, and tannin were investigated. The dried roots of polygoni were processed in different ways, such as, steamed with black bean sauce, steamed with water, stewed with black bean sauce, and stewed with black bean sauce at high pressure, for h and 36 h, respectively. The process stewing with black bean sauce was also investigated for 12, 24, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively.

[Experimental study on enzyme dot assay for detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome antigen].

Objective: To establish a new and efficient method(IEDA) for detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) antigen.

Methods: An immune enzyme dot assay (IEDA) with mixture of three sorts anti-HFRSV-IgG, which was obtained from rabbit vaccinated with EHFV R22, Chen and Hubei strain was employed to detect HFRSV antigen in serum and urine from epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) patients, and compared with indirect immune fluorescence assay (I-IFA), 76 serum samples and 40 urine samples were detected in this study.

Results: The results showed that the total positive rate of HFRSV antigen detected by IEDA was 73.

Effects of autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenoceptor in hepatitis virus myocarditis on action potential and L-type Ca(2+) currents.

Aim: To investigate the effects of autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenoceptor in hepatitis virus myocarditis on action potential and L-type Ca(2+) currents.

Methods: Fifteen samples of autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenoceptor positive sera of patients with hepatitis virus myocarditis were obtained and IgGs were purified by octanoic acid extraction. Binding of autoantibodies against beta(1)-adrenoceptor to guinea pig cardiac myocytes was examined by immunofluorescence.

[Expression of IL-2 and TNF-alpha in the liver and the effect of injection of these cytokines on liver fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum].

Objective: To detect the expression of IL-2 and TNF-alpha in the liver at different period postinfection of Schistosoma japonicum and their effect on liver fibrosis after supplementary injection of these cytokines.

Methods: Mice were infected with schistosome cercariae and divided into 3 groups. Two groups were injected (i.

[Effect of pentoxifylline on the expression of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in mice with liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonicum infection].

Objective: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in schistosome-infected mice with liver fibrosis.

Methods: Forty mice with schistosomiasis were divided into four groups: one group as control without any treatment, other three were treated with praziquantel 500 mg/(kg.d) for 2 d, high dose PTX 360 mg/(kg.