Synaptic cell adhesion molecules contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders. Deficiencies in the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein, encoded by the gene, lead to various anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral deficits, such as spine dysmorphogenesis and learning and memory impairments. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play crucial roles in synapse formation and neural signal transmission by promoting the formation of new synaptic contacts, accurately organizing presynaptic and postsynaptic protein complexes, and ensuring the accuracy of signal transmission.

The potential role of ribonucleic acid methylation in the pathological mechanisms of fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a common inherited cause of intellectual disabilities and single-gene cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), resulting from the loss of functional fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein (RBP) encoded by the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation can lead to developmental diseases, including FXS, through various mechanisms mediated by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N-methyladenosine, etc. Emerging evidence suggests that modifications of some RNA species have been linked to FXS.

Dynamic regulation and key roles of ribonucleic acid methylation.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation is the most abundant modification in biological systems, accounting for 60% of all RNA modifications, and affects multiple aspects of RNA (including mRNAs, tRNAs, rRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs). Dysregulation of RNA methylation causes many developmental diseases through various mechanisms mediated by -methyladenosine (mA), 5-methylcytosine (mC), -methyladenosine (mA), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), and pseudouridine (Ψ). The emerging tools of RNA methylation can be used as diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic markers.

Cerebellum neuropathology and motor skill deficits in fragile X syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading form of inherited intellectual disability and single-gene cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is characterized by core deficits in cognitive flexibility, sensory sensitivity, emotion, and social interactions. Motor deficits are a shared feature of FXS and autism. The cerebellum has emerged as one of the target brain areas affected by neurodevelopmental diseases.

8-[(3-Phenyl-1,2,4-oxa-diazol-5-yl)meth-oxy]quinoline monohydrate.

In the title compound, C18H13N3O2·H2O, the oxa-diazole ring forms dihedral angles 7.21 (10) and 21.25 (11)° with the quinoline and benzene rings, respectively.

8-{[3-(3-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1,2,4-oxa-diazol-5-yl]meth-oxy}quinoline monohydrate.

In the title hydrate, C19H15N3O3·H2O, the three aromatic groups in the quinoline derivative are close to coplanar: the central oxa-diazole fragment makes dihedral angles of 15.7 (2)° with the benzene ring and 5.30 (14)° with the quinoline ring system.

5-Nitro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(5)NO(4), essentially planar mol-ecules [largest deviation from the least-squares plane = 0.030 (2) Å] form stacks along the a-axis direction. Intercentroid separations between overlapping benzene rings within the stack are 3.