Evaluation of Autof MS 1000 and Vitek MS MALDI-TOF MS System in Identification of Closely-Related Yeasts Causing Invasive Fungal Diseases.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been accepted as a rapid, accurate, and less labor-intensive method in the identification of microorganisms in clinical laboratories. However, there is limited data on systematic evaluation of its effectiveness in the identification of phylogenetically closely-related yeast species. In this study, we evaluated two commercially available MALDI-TOF systems, Autof MS 1000 and Vitek MS, for the identification of yeasts within closely-related species complexes.

Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Invasive Candidiasis: A 2016-2017 Multicenter Surveillance Study in Beijing, China.

Objective: Invasive candidiasis (IC), a life-threatening fungal infection prevalent among hospitalized patients, has highly variable regional epidemiology. We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to investigate recent trends in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns among IC-associated spp. in Beijing, China, from 2016 to 2017.

Molecular Characterization of by Microsatellite Typing and Emergence of Clonal Antifungal Drug Resistant Strains in a Multicenter Surveillance in China.

is an important species causing invasive candidiasis (IC) in China. The present survey was a national multicenter study of the molecular epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility profiles of . Non-duplicate isolates were collected from 10 hospitals across China in the CHIF-NET program 2016-2017.

The tcdA-negative and tcdB-positive Clostridium difficile ST81 clone exhibits a high level of resistance to fluoroquinolones: a multi-centre study in Beijing, China.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide. In order to gain a better understanding about the molecular epidemiology of C. difficile in Beijing, China, molecular typing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and drug resistance gene sequencing were performed on 174 strains of C.

Activity of a New Fourth-Generation Cephalosporin, Cefoselis, Against Clinically Important Bacterial Pathogens in China.

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the activity of cefoselis and other comparators against common bacterial pathogens collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the broth microdilution method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Cefoselis showed poor activity against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing , , and , with susceptibility rates of < 10% each, while the susceptibility rates of this antibiotic against non-ESBL-producing strains of these organisms were 100%, 94.

Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Causing Candidemia in China: An Update From the CHIF-NET Study.

Background: Candidemia is the most common, serious fungal infection and Candida antifungal resistance is a challenge. We report recent surveillance of candidemia in China.

Methods: The study encompassed 77 Chinese hospitals over 3 years.

isolates causing refractory or recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis in 11 hospitals in China.

We studied the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of isolates causing refractory or recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in a multicenter study in China (2013-2016). Species identification was performed using the Bruker Biotyper (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry system supplemented by internal transcribed spacer sequencing as required. Antifungal susceptibilities were determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document (CLSI) M27-A3 broth microdilution methodology.

Invasive Infections Due to : Species Distribution, Genotyping, and Antifungal Susceptibilities from a Multicenter Study in China.

A total of 133 clinical isolates were collected in the National China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) program in 2009 to 2016. Accurate identification was performed by sequencing of the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region. Among these isolates, (108 isolates [81.

, a rare pathogen of human invasive infections, and literature review.

Background: is a rare fungal species that has not been described in human invasive infections.

Patients And Methods: In this study, we investigated two isolates from patients with invasive infections in two hospitals in China, as part of the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) program. Both patients were under immunocompromised conditions.

Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to identify MLST clade 4 Clostridium difficile isolates.

Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of health care-associated infections. Previous studies suggest that C. difficile MLST clade 4 strains with higher drug resistance rates constitute the major clone spreading in China.

Five-Year National Surveillance of Invasive Candidiasis: Species Distribution and Azole Susceptibility from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) Study.

Data on the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis (IC) and the antifungal susceptibility of isolates in China are still limited. Here we report on surveillance for IC from the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net (CHIF-NET) study. Sixty-five tertiary hospitals collected 8,829 isolates from 1 August 2009 to 31 July 2014.

Profiling of and in Candida glabrata Bloodstream Isolates from a Multicenter Study in China.

Among 158 bloodstream isolates collected from numerous centers in China, a resistance to fluconazole was seen in 8.9%. Three isolates (1.

Molecular epidemiology and azole resistance mechanism study of Candida guilliermondii from a Chinese surveillance system.

We studied the molecular epidemiology and mechanism of azole resistance of 164 C. guilliermondii isolates from a nationwide multi-center surveillance program. The isolates were identified by ITS gene sequencing, and the in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole was determined by broth microdilution method.

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of and in a Multi-Center Chinese Collection of Yeasts.

and are two emerging cryptic species within the complex. Thirteen of these isolates from 10 hospitals in China were studied for their species identification and antifungal susceptibilities. Phenotypic and molecular [rDNA ITS sequencing, D1/D2 sequencing and ITS sequencer-based capillary gel electrophoresis (SCGE)] and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS identification methods were compared for their performance in species identification.

Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Candida guilliermondii and Candida fermentati from a Multicenter Study in China.

With molecular sequencing as a gold standard, the Vitek MS, Bruker Biotyper MS, and Vitek-2 Compact systems correctly identified 92.7%, 97.0%, and 15.

Progress and challenges in the use of latent HIV-1 reactivating agents.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can effectively suppress the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and block disease progression. However, chronic HIV-1 infection remains incurable due to the persistence of a viral reservoir, including the transcriptionally silent provirus in CD4(+) memory T cells and the sanctuary sites that are inaccessible to drugs. Reactivation and the subsequent elimination of latent virus through virus-specific cytotoxic effects or host immune responses are critical strategies for combating the disease.

[Effects of the water channel aquaporin 4 deficiency on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice.

Methods: In wild type and AQP4 gene knockout (AQP4-/-) mice, lung fibrosis was induced by injection of bleomycin (3 mg/kg) into the trachea and saline injection was used as a control. At d3, 7, 14, 28 after bleomycin-treatment, mice were randomly sacrificed in batch and the lung coefficient was determined.