Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations: A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis.

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used to diagnose type 2 diabetes (T2D) and assess glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 18 HbA1c-associated genetic variants. These variants proved to be classifiable by their likely biological action as erythrocytic (also associated with erythrocyte traits) or glycemic (associated with other glucose-related traits).

Incidence and risk factors of symptomatic dry eye disease in Asian Malays from the Singapore Malay Eye Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of symptomatic dry eye disease (SDED) and associated risk factors in a well-characterized cohort of ethnic Malays in Singapore.

Methods: We included 1682 participants (mean age [SD]: 57 [10]years; 55.4% female) without SDED from the Singapore Malay Eye Study (SiMES), a population-based longitudinal study with baseline examination (SiMES-1) conducted between 2004 and 2006, and follow-up examination (SiMES-2) conducted between 2010 and 2013.

Analysis of competency in phacoemulsification trainees using the cumulative sum analysis.

Purpose: To determine the number of cases required to achieve competency in phacoemulsification in terms of the posterior capsule rupture rate.

Setting: Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Association analyses of East Asian individuals and trans-ancestry analyses with European individuals reveal new loci associated with cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >175 loci associated with fasting cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). With differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure and allele frequencies between ancestry groups, studies in additional large samples may detect new associations. We conducted staged GWAS meta-analyses in up to 69,414 East Asian individuals from 24 studies with participants from Japan, the Philippines, Korea, China, Singapore, and Taiwan.

Systemic, Ocular and Genetic Risk Factors for Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Singaporeans.

To examine the association of systemic, ocular and genetic risk factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a large cohort of Asian patients, and to further compare risk factors between those with typical AMD and polypoidal choroidal vasculoapthy (PCV) subtypes. We recruited 456 cases and 1,824 controls matched for age, gender and ethnicity. Data on systemic and ocular risk factors were collected on questionnaires.

Type 2 Diabetes Genetic Variants and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Purpose: Genetic association studies to date have not identified any robust risk loci for diabetic retinopathy (DR). We hypothesized that individuals with more diabetes genetic risk alleles have a higher risk of developing DR.

Design: Case-control genetic association study.

Inter-Relationships Between Retinal Vascular Caliber, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, and Glaucoma: A Mediation Analysis Approach.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationships among retinal vascular caliber, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and glaucoma; in particular, whether the relationship between narrower retinal vascular caliber and glaucoma is mediated by thinning of RNFL.

Methods: A total of 9407 participants, including 253 glaucoma and 195 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study were included in this study. All participants underwent standardized examinations.

Prevalence and risk factors for epiretinal membrane: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease study.

Aim: To examine prevalence and risk factors of epiretinal membrane (ERM) in a large, contemporary, multiethnic Asian population.

Methods: Combined analysis of three population-based studies of eye diseases, with a total of 9799 Chinese, Malays and Indians residing in the general communities of Singapore. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, interviews and laboratory blood tests were performed to assess potential risk factors.

Choroidal Thickness Changes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: A 12-Month Prospective Study.

Purpose: To describe 12-month changes in choroidal thickness after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for typical age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Design: Prospective, consecutive, noninterventional, longitudinal case series.

Methods: This study included patients with typical AMD and PCV who received anti-VEGF therapy over a 12-month period.