Successful management of infection and macrophage activation syndrome patient using low-dose etoposide: A case report.

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a sub-type of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to autoimmune rheumatic diseases, is a critical and potentially fatal condition characterized by an excessive inflammatory response. Despite the established efficacy of the HLH-2004 guideline in diagnosing and treating HLH over the years, ongoing discussion persists regarding its application, especially for HLH secondary to complicated conditions, such as autoimmune rheumatic diseases combined with severe infection. Etoposide (VP-16), a topoisomerase II inhibitor that effectively induces DNA damage and subsequent apoptosis in hyperactivated immune cells, has been widely used for the treatment of HLH.

Comparison of LAMP, GeneXpert, Mycobacterial Culture, Smear Microscopy, TSPOT.TB, TBAg/PHA Ratio for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate the application value of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), GeneXpert, mycobacterial culture, smear microscopy, TSPOT.TB (TSPOT), ratio of TB-specific antigen to phytohemagglutinin (TBAg/PHA ratio) in the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients who underwent bronchoscopy from December 2018 to November 2019 in Tongji Hospital.