Atropisomeric meroterpenoids with rare triketone-phloroglucinol-terpene hybrids from Baeckea frutescens.

Baefrutones A-F (1-6), six new meroterpenoids with rare triketone-phloroglucinol-monoterpene/sesquiterpene frameworks, together with their biosynthetically related intermediate (±)-baeckenon B (7), were isolated from the aerial part of Baeckea frutescens under the guidance of HPLC-Q/TOF-MS2 investigation. Compounds 1-4 represent the first examples of natural meroterpenoids existing as four pairs of inseparable diastereomeric atropisomers (2 : 1, 1H NMR integration) caused by the restricted rotation around the C-6-C-7-C-1' bonds arising from the intramolecular hydrogen bond between C-1 carbonyl and 2'-OH. The discovery of these architectures not only largely enriched the chemodiversity of the meroterpenoid and atropisomer library, but also might be exciting and challenging for asymmetric organic synthesis.

Effect of Qiguiyin Decoction on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Qiguiyin Decoction, QGYD) on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Methods: A pseudomonal infection model in SD rats was established by injecting multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa intraperitoneally.

[Development of an 18 X-InDel multiplex PCR system].

Objective: To investigate Insertion/Deletion (InDel) polymorphism on the X chromosome and to screen 18 InDel loci for the Chinese Han population as a forensic DNA typing system auxiliary.

Methods: Eighteen X-InDel markers were selected using the Human Genome Browser and dbSNP database. Multiplex PCR primer pairs of selected X-InDel markers were designed using Primer 3 software and divided into 3 groups according to the amplified fragment length, labeled by FAM, HEX and TAMRA fluorescence dye, respectively.

Messenger RNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification: research and applications.

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link between sample donors and actual criminal acts. However, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time consumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Recently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression (mRNA profiling) has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification.

[Progress in InDel as a new generation of genetic marker].

As forensic DNA typing experienced three generations of genetic marker researching stage, short tandem repeat (STR) has been widely used in forensic identification as a mature tool. Further exploration of the human genome led to the discovery of polymorphism markers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and Insertion/Deletion (InDel). InDel, which combines the desirable characteristics of previous genetic markers as a new type of genetic marker, has got extensive concern in fields like medical molecular biology and forensic biology.

[Algorithms of likelihood ratio for discriminating full sibling from half sibling].

Objective: To derive the formulae for likelihood ratio calculation in discriminating full sibling from half sibling with single-parent participation or without parent participation.

Methods: Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis were established for discriminating full sibling from half sibling in two circumstances: two children with single-parent and without parent participation. Conditional probabilities of the genetic evidentiary under null and alternative hypotheses were calculated according to the Bayesian theory.

[Typing and polymorphism analysis of 16 STR loci on X chromosome].

Objective: To develop a PCR-based X-STR kit for typing of 16 X-STR loci and investigate the polymorphisms of the X-STR markers.

Methods: Sixteen STR loci (GATA 165B12, DXS101, GATA 172D05, HPRTB, DXS981, DXS8378, DXS6795, GATA 31E08, DXS6809, DXS6803, DXS9902, DXS6807, DXS7423, DXS7133, DXS6810 and DXS7132) located on X chromosome were selected. The primers for multiplex PCR were designed by Primer Premier 5.

[Universal algoritihms for paternity index in trios and its extended application].

Objective: To introduce an universal algorithm for kinship index between a baby and a random person with biologic mother reference.

Methods: Based on the formulas of paternity index in trios (PIT), common factors shared in these formulas were deduced following reconstructions of these formulas with the common factors. Universal algorithms for other common kinship indices, such as grandparental index (GI), half sibling index (HSI), avuncular index (AI) and first cousin index (CI1st), were investigated according to avuncular index rule and the coefficient of relationship (r).

[Establishment of universal algorithms for commonly used kinship indices between two individuals].

Objective: To establish universal algorithms for commonly used kinship indices between two individuals.

Methods: Based on the formulas of paternity index in duos(PID), full sibling index(FSI), half sibling index (HSI), avuncular index (AI), grandparental index (GI) and first cousin index (CI1st) deduced from ITO method, the common factors, 1 plus reciprocal of the frequency of the allele with identity by state between the two individuals, shared in these formulas were abstracted with induction method, following with reconstruction of these formulas with the common factor and the coefficient of relationship (r).

Results: A universal algorithm for PI(D), HSI, AI, GI and CI1st, was developed with the common factor and r value according to the heterozygosity of the two individuals.

[The clinical evaluation of piperacillin and sulbactam sodium in treatment of respiratory, urinary tracts and other infections in 579 patients].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin and sulbactam sodium combinations in the treatment of common infections.

Methods: This was a multi-centre, prospective and open study. All subjects from 57 wards caught common infection like respiratory (RTI) or urinary diseases (UTI).

[Differences of DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic twins' blood samples].

Objective: To evaluate the potential usefulness of DNA methylation in individual discrimination of monozygotic twins by investigating the differences of DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic twins' blood samples.

Methods: Blood samples from 22 pairs of monozygotic twins were obtained with informed consent. Genomic DNA extracts were bisulfite treated followed by detection with Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip Assays(Illumina, USA).

[A primary study of criterion for source identification of gastrointestinal tumor sample with Identifiler multiplex system].

Objective: To investigate the criterion for source identification of gastrointestinal tumor based on the number of identical allele (IAn) and the number of matched STR locus with 2 identical alleles (A2) in Identifiler system.

Methods: One hundred and five pairs of gastrointestinal tumor samples and homologous normal samples (TN group) were genotyped with Identifiler system. The numbers of STR locus with genotypic alteration (STRGA) in each tumor were determined by comparing the genotype of the matched STR loci in each pair of samples.

[A primary study for criteria of full sibling determination with Identifiler system].

Objective: To investigate the criteria of the number of identical allele (IAn) and the number of matched STR locus with 2 identical alleles (A2) for full sibling (FS) determination with Identifiler system.

Methods: According to the limited distribution of IAn. and A2, all of the 31 potential values of IAn.

[Effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor on DNA genotyping in urine samples].

Objective: To study the effect of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) on STR genotyping with urinary samples.

Methods: Midstream urine samples of 5 male and 5 female volunteers were collected respectively, sub-packaged, added with different concentration of UTI and stored at -80 degrees C. Genomic DNA was extracted from those urinary samples, of which STR profiles were genotyped with IdentifilerTM kit at 8 different time points.

[InDel_typer30: a multiplex PCR system for DNA identification among five Chinese populations].

Objective: To develop a multiplex PCR system, using insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism markers, for forensic DNA identification among Han, Hui, Uighur, Mongolian and Tibetan populations in China.

Methods: Highly polymorphic InDel markers from human autosomes were selected using the Human Genome Browser in Galaxy system and dbSNP database. Multiplex PCR primer pairs of selected InDel markers were designed using Primer 3 software.

[Application of multiple polymorphism genetic markers in determination of half sibling sharing a same mother].

Objective: Determination strategies for half sibling sharing a same mother were investigated through the detection of autosomal and X-chromosomal STR (X-STR) loci and polymorphisms on hypervariable (HV) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Methods: Genomic DNA were extracted from blood stain samples of the 3 full siblings and one dubious half sibling sharing the same mother with them. Fifteen autosomal STR loci were genotyped by Sinofiler kit, and 19 X-STR loci were genotyped by Mentype Argus X-8 kit and 16 plex in-house system.

[Identification of sibling sisters using STR and SNP].

Objective: The methods for identification of sibling sisters were explored with detection of genetic markers on autochromosome and X-chromosome.

Methods: Genomic DNA of the sibling sisters were extracted, and 15 STRs on autochromosome and 17 STRs on X-chromosome were genotyped by Sinofiler kit, Mentype Argus X-8 kit and in-house kit of X-STRs, respectively. 11 X-SNPs were genotyped with TaqMan technology.

[Source identification of gastric cancer tissue with discriminatory analysis].

Objective: To evaluate discriminatory analysis on source identification of gastric cancer tissue based on the number of matched STR locus or identical allele.

Methods: Twenty two pairs of fresh gastric cancer tissue and homologous normal tissue were genotyped with Identifiler kit. Frequencies of STR genotypic alteration (STR(GA)), the number of matched STR locus without identical allele (A0), with 1 identical allele (A1), or with 2 identical alleles (A2) and the number of total identical alleles (IAn) were calculated with counting method.

Genetic polymorphism of eight X-linked STRs of Mentype® Argus X-8 Kit in Chinese population from Shanghai.

X-chromosomal STR markers DXS10135 and DXS8378 in linkage group 1, DXS7132 and DXS10074 in linkage group 2, HPRTB and DXS10101 in linkage group 3, and DXS10134 and DXS7423 in linkage group 4 included in Mentype® Argus X-8 Kit were studied in Chinese Han population. After genotyping unrelated male (106) and female (92), haplotype frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. Deviations form Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium could not be detected (p<0.

[X-sNP genotyping using the TaqMan probe technology].

Objective: To develop a rapid, accurate and economical real time fluorescence PCR method with TaqMan probe technology to detect the X chromosome single nucleotide polymorphism (X-SNP).

Methods: TaqMan probes and polymerase chain reaction primers were respectively designed according to the 13 X-SNP. Then, the X-SNP were genotyped after the amplification by real time fluorescence PCR.

[Evaluation of the criterion of partial loss of heterozygous in tumor tissues].

Objective: To evaluate the applicability of partial loss of heterozygous (pLOH) criteria in tumor tissues with Identifiler system.

Methods: Eight thousand four hundred and twenty eight heterozygous loci of the 696 unrelated individuals (UIP) genotyped with Identifiler Kit were randomly paired by locus to construct odds ratio of allelic peak height (or area under allelic curve) according to the given formula. Similarly, odds ratios of allelic peak height (or area under allelic curve) of the 896 heterozygous loci of 77 pairs of tumor and homologous normal tissues (TNP) were also acquired.

[Application of number of matched STR loci and identical alleles in individual discrimination of colorectal cancer].

Objective: To establish a feasible algorithm for individual identification of colorectal cancer tissue by investigating its STR mutation.

Methods: Fifty pairs of fresh colorectal cancer and homologous normal tissues (CR-N group) were genotyped with Identifiler Kit and the mutations generated in cancer tissues were determined. The mutation rates, the numbers of locus matched without identical allele (A0), 1 identical allele (A1), or 2 identical alleles (A2) and the number of total identical alleles (IA(n)) were calculated.

[The spontaneous YMDD mutation rate in chronic hepatitis B patients].

Objective: To investigate the spontaneous YMDD mutation rate.

Methods: Serum samples collected from 196 untreated chronic HBV patients were detected by primer-specific real-time PCR.

Results: Among 196 patients, spontaneous YMDD variants were detected in 21 subjects (20 YVDD mutants and 1 YIDD mutant).

[Full sibling identification based on the number of matched STR locus].

Objective: To establish and evaluate the method of matched locus numbers in full sibling identification.

Methods: Two hundred and eighty full sibling (FS) pairs and 2003 unrelated individual (UI) pairs were genotyped with Identifiler system. The number of locus matched with 0 identical allele (A0), matched with 1 allele (A1) or matched with 2 alleles (A2) were counted and full sibling index (FSI) were calculated based on ITO method.