The I4790K mutation of the ryanodine receptor is responsible for anthranilic diamide resistance in field populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

Insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is a major constraint on the global production of cruciferous crops. For effective management of insecticide resistance, it is necessary to develop a molecular detection tool for predicting insecticide resistance levels based on the mutation frequency of target sites. In this study, a susceptible strain (SHggt) of P.

Insecticide resistance and characteristics of mutations related to target site insensitivity of diamondback moths in Taiwan.

Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella) is the most significant pest of cruciferous vegetables as they rapidly develop high-level resistance to many insecticides. Monitoring DBM susceptibility and target-site mutation frequency is essential for pest control. In this study, 10 insecticides were tested on 11 field populations.

Correlation between pyrethroid knockdown resistance and mutation frequency of voltage-gated sodium channel and its application in Aedes aegypti management.

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector responsible for transmitting dengue fever in southern Taiwan, has developed a relatively high resistance to synthetic pyrethroids. It has evolved four amino acid substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), namely S996P, V1023G, F1565C, and D1794Y. To unveil the distribution and correlation of VGSC mutations and pyrethroid resistance among different field populations, Ae.

Joint influence of architectural and spatiotemporal factors on the presence of Aedes aegypti in urban environments.

Background: Urbanization has led to the proliferation of high-rise buildings, which have substantially influenced the distribution of dengue vectors, such as Aedes aegypti (L.). However, knowledge gaps exist regarding the individual and combined effects of architectural and spatiotemporal factors on dengue vector.

Insecticide Resistance and Control Failure Likelihood Analysis in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Populations From Taiwan.

The status of insecticide resistance levels is important for applying suitable pest management approaches. The present study investigated the insecticide resistance of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from five major cruciferous growing areas in Taiwan. The surveyed locations were distributed from central to southern Taiwan and included Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, and Kaohsiung.

Knowledge about, attitude and acceptance towards, and predictors of intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among cancer patients in Eastern China: A cross-sectional survey.

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a serious impact on health all over the world. Cancer patient, whose immunity is often compromised, faces a huge challenge. Currently, some COVID-19 vaccines are being developed and applied on general population; however, whether cancer patients should take COVID-19 vaccine remains unknown.

Introduction of a cold sensitivity-conferring mutation into the RTA-Bddsx hybrid system of Bactrocera dorsalis for establishment of a thermally controllable homozygous line.

Background: For efficient control of the economically important fruit pest Bactrocera dorsalis, a hybrid system combining ricin toxicity and sex-related alternative splicing of the doublesex gene has been developed. This system exhibits the expected female-specific lethal effect; however, the transgenic females do not survive, making it difficult to raise stable homozygous lines. Since modification of ricin toxin A chain (RTA) through a single-residue change (Gly > Arg ) leads to cold-sensitive posttranslational repression of its toxicity, we utilized this unique property to obtain RTA-Bddsx females that survive at low temperature for line maintenance.

Effect of imidacloprid exposure on life history traits in the agricultural generalist predator Paederus beetle: Lack of fitness cost but strong hormetic effect and skewed sex ratio.

A trade-off between life history traits in the evolution of insecticide resistance is common in insects because energy acquisition is mainly channeled for detoxification enzyme production. In addition, sublethal exposure to insecticides may have an effect on the physiology and behaviors of surviving insects. Similar to other agricultural pests, pesticide use may have led to insecticide resistance in populations of Paederus fuscipes Curtis.

Inheritance and stability of mevinphos-resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.), with special reference to mutations of acetylcholinesterase 1.

Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) causes enormous damage on cruciferous vegetables and can rapidly develop resistance to all kinds of insecticides. To effectively manage the insecticide resistance of P.

Genetically Engineered Ricin Suppresses Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) based on Demographic Analysis of Group-Reared Life Table.

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), reduces the quantity and quality of many host fruits through the process of oviposition and larval feeding, and this insect has been considered a major insect pest in several Asian countries for decades. Using an earlier-developed, female-specific system that combines the toxicity of the ricin A chain (RTA) and the alternative RNA splicing property of doublesex ( Bddsx ), we show that transgenic male flies harboring the RTA-Bddsx transgene unevenly repress the pest population through inheritable effects. In age-stage, two-sex life-table analyses, high larval mortality and a delay in pupation were observed after introducing the transgene.

Distinct contributions of A314S and novel R667Q substitutions of acetylcholinesterase 1 to carbofuran resistance of Chilo suppressalis Walker.

Background: In the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, A314S, R667Q and H669P substitutions in acetylcholinesterase 1 (CsAChE1) have been associated with >1000-fold resistance against carbofuran. In this study, eight variants of CsAChE1 carrying different combinations of these substitutions were cloned and expressed using the Bac-to-Bac expression system to verify their contributions.

Results: The expressed AChE1s had molecular weights of ca 160 kDa per dimer and 80 kDa per monomer.

Introduction of the RTA-Bddsx gene induces female-specific lethal effects in transformed Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Background: The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), can reduce fruit production and quality and is considered to be a major insect pest in many Asian countries. A system combining the toxicity of ricin and the alternative RNA splicing properties of doublesex (RTA-Bddsx) has been proposed that results in differential sexual processing in vitro. A transgenic approach was used in this study to confirm the existence of female-specific lethal effects in vivo.

Establishment of an RTA-Bddsx hybrid system for female-specific splicing that can affect the sex ratio of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) after embryonic injection.

Background: The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a very destructive insect pest in many areas of Asia, including Taiwan, can cause significant damage by ovipositing in and larval feeding on many kinds of fruit. A female lethal system, combining the splicing property of doublesex (dsx) with the toxicity of ricin A chain (RTA), has been developed. In this system, a modified RTA is separated by Bddsx intron 3; the expressed RNA can only be spliced in females, with toxic effects, whereas the immature RTA in males is harmless.

Amino acid substitutions of acetylcholinesterase associated with carbofuran resistance in Chilo suppressalis.

Background: Over 1000-fold carbofuran resistance has been observed in Chilo suppressalis (Walker) collected from the Changhua (CH) and Chiayi (CY) prefectures of Taiwan. An understanding of the pertinent mechanisms will benefit effective insecticide resistance management of C. suppressalis.

Lipase catalyzed acetylation of 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene: optimization and kinetics study.

The use of immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym(®) 435) to catalyze acetylation of trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene was investigated in this study. Response surface methodology and 5-level-4-factor central composite rotatable design were adopted to evaluate the effects of synthesis variables, including reaction time (24-72 h), temperature (25-65 °C), substrate molar ratio (1:15-1:75), and enzyme amount (600-3,000 PLU) on the percentage molar conversion of trans-4'-O-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxystilbene. The results showed that reaction temperature and enzyme amount were the most important parameters on percentage molar conversion.

Display female-specific doublesex RNA interference in early generations of transformed oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

Background: The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is one of the most destructive pests in many Asian countries. An effective strategy to reduce fly density in the field is urgently required. Recently, the doublesex of B.

Responses of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), from Taiwan to a range of insecticides.

Background: Information on the insecticide susceptibility of striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is essential for an effective pest management programme. An early detection of resistance development can prompt the modification of current control methods and increase the lifespan of insecticides through the rotation of chemicals with different modes of action. In this study, the susceptibility of this pest in Taiwan to four classes of insecticides has been examined.

A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti.

To identify pertinent mutations associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin, the entire coding sequence of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene Aa-para was sequenced and analyzed from a Per-R strain with 190-fold resistance to permethrin and two susceptible strains of Aedes aegypti. The longest transcript, a 6441bp open reading frame, encodes 2147 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular mass of 241kDa. A total of 33 exons were found in the Aa-para gene over 293kb of genomic DNA.

Female-specific doublesex dsRNA interrupts yolk protein gene expression and reproductive ability in oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel).

A homologue of the doublesex gene (Bddsx) has been cloned from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Northern analysis indicates a differential expression of Bddsx in male and female flies, as reported for other dsx genes. A structural conservation of DNA binding domain/oligomerization domain 1 and oligomerization domain 2 suggests that the doublesex protein (BdDSX) of this fruit fly serves as a transcriptional factor for downstream sex-specific gene expression.