Cannabinoid 2 receptor attenuates inflammation during skin wound healing by inhibiting M1 macrophages rather than activating M2 macrophages.

Background: The anti-inflammatory properties of the cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) in injury and inflammatory diseases have been widely substantiated. Specifically, the anti-inflammatory effect of CB2R may be achieved by regulating macrophage polarisation. Several research findings suggested that the activation of CB2R could attenuate inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarisation and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 polarisation.

The distribution and time-dependent expression of HIPK2 during the repair of contused skeletal muscle in mice.

HIPK2 is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase and is considered a co-regulator of an increasing number of transcription factors modulating a variety of cellular processes, including inflammation, proliferation and fibrosis. Skeletal muscle injuries repair is an overlapping event between inflammation and tissue repair. There are no reports about HIPK2 expression in skeletal muscles after trauma.

α7-nAChR Activation Has an Opposite Effect on Healing of Covered and Uncovered Wounds.

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is associated with inflammation, re-epithelialization, and angiogenesis in wound healing process. A recent study demonstrated that PNU-282987, a selective agonist of α7-nAChR, accelerates the repair of diabetic excisional wounds. Whether α7-nAChR activation promotes non-diabetic wounds healing is unknown.

[Effects of PI3K/Akt Pathway in Wound Healing Process of Mice Skin].

Objective: To investigate the expressions and time-dependent changes of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-PI3K (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) during wound healing process of mice skin.

Methods: The changes of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt and p-Akt expression in skin wound were detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and real-time PCR.

Results: Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of PI3K and p-Akt were observed in mononuclear and fibroblast after skin wound, and reached peak in reconstruction.

Cannabinoid CB₂ receptors are involved in the regulation of fibrogenesis during skin wound repair in mice.

Studies have shown that cannabinoid CB2 receptors are involved in wound repair, however, its physiological roles in fibrogenesis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the capacity of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the regulation of skin fibrogenesis during skin wound healing was investigated. To assess the function of cannabinoid CB2 receptors, skin excisional BALB/c mice were treated with either the cannabinoid CB2 receptor selective agonist, GP1a, or antagonist, AM630.

A fundamental study on the dynamics of multiple biomarkers in mouse excisional wounds for wound age estimation.

Wound age estimation is a classic but still modern theme in forensic practice. More experiments on different types of wound are needed to further improve its accuracy. In this study, mouse skin excisional wounds were created to simulate dermal defective injury.

[Errors in six degree-of-freedom pose estimation of spine tumors assessed by image guided radiotherapy].

Objective: To evaluate the six-degree setup errors of tumors of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra by image guided radiotherapy.

Methods: From May 2013 to June 2014, 30 patients with spinal malignant tumors(10 patients of cervical vertebra, thoracic vertebra and lumbar vertebra respectively) were treated with Elekata Synergy accelerator (Elekta company,Sweden). Six-degree set up errors were corrected using HexaPODTMevoRT bed under image of on board cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided.

α7nAChR is expressed in satellite cells at different myogenic status during skeletal muscle wound healing in rats.

Recent study has reported that α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is expressed in regenerated multinucleated myotubes. But the distribution of α7nAChR in satellite cells in different myogenic status is unknown. A preliminary study on the dynamic distribution of α7nAChR in satellite cells was performed by double indirect immunofluorescent procedures during skeletal muscle wound healing in rats.

Detection of satellite cells during skeletal muscle wound healing in rats: time-dependent expressions of Pax7 and MyoD in relation to wound age.

The study was focused on time-dependent expressions of paired-box transcription factor 7 (Pax7) and myoblast determination protein (MyoD) during skeletal muscle wound healing. An animal model of skeletal muscle contusion was established in 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats. Samples were taken at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, and 21 days after injury, respectively (five rats in each posttraumatic interval).

CB2R orchestrates fibrogenesis through regulation of inflammatory response during the repair of skeletal muscle contusion.

Skeletal muscle injuries repair typically is an overlapping event between inflammation and tissue repair. Our previous study has demonstrated that activation of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) by JWH-133 alleviates fibrosis in the repair of rat skeletal muscle contusion. Meanwhile, accumulated data show that CB2R stimulation exerts anti-inflammatory property in sepsis and cystitis.

Positioning accuracy during VMAT of gynecologic malignancies and the resulting dosimetric impact by a 6-degree-of-freedom couch in combination with daily kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography.

Background: To improve the delivery of radiotherapy in gynecologic malignancies and to minimize the irradiation of unaffected tissues by using daily kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kV-CBCT) to reduce setup errors.

Methods: Thirteen patients with gynecologic cancers were treated with postoperative volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT). All patients had a planning CT scan and daily CBCT during treatment.

The distribution and time-dependent expression of MAGL during skeletal muscle wound healing in rats.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is widely distributed in mammals and largely responsible for metabolizing 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Little is known about its expression in skeletal muscles after trauma. A preliminary study on time-dependent expression and distribution of MAGL was performed by immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) during skeletal muscle wound healing in rats.

The monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184 decreases inflammatory response in skeletal muscle contusion in rats.

Muscle wound healing process is a typical inflammation-evoked event. The monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor (4-nitrophenyl)4-[bis(1,3-benzodioxol -5-yl)-hydroxymethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) has been previously reported to reduce inflammation in colitis and acute lung injury in mice, which provide a new strategy for primary care of skeletal muscle injury. We investigated the effect of JZL184 on inflammation in rat muscle contusion model, and found decreased neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.

[Analysis of features of 15 successful positional cloning of QTL in rice].

As the most efficient strategy in gene clone, positional cloning has been used widely in QTL cloning in rice. The objective of this paper is to make summary features of QTL positional cloning based on 15 successful positional cloning attempts. (1) most of the populations used in the analysis were derived from interspecific or intersubspecies; (2) the target QTL had been identified with very large phenotypic effects; (3) the candidate genomic region was usually narrowed down to 40 kb; (4) the primary mapping result was exact; and the fine mapping population was more than 6,000, while the number of recessive population was more than 1,500.