Lineages of oncogenic human papillomavirus types other than type 16 and 18 and risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Background: Data on clinical outcomes of infection with variants of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types other than HPV16 and HPV18 are rare. We investigated intratypic variations in non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types and their corresponding relationships with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3 (CIN2/3).

Methods: Study subjects were women who were positive for one or more of 11 non-HPV16/18 oncogenic types.

Rates and determinants of oral human papillomavirus infection in young men.

Background: Little is known about the rates and determinants of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, an infection that is etiologically linked with oropharyngeal cancers.

Methods: A cohort of male university students (18-24 years) was examined every 4 months (212 men, 704 visits). Oral specimens were collected via gargle/rinse and swabbing of the oropharynx.

Prevalence and risk factors for oncogenic human papillomavirus infections in high-risk mid-adult women.

Background: The epidemiology of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in mid-adult women with new sex partners is undefined.

Methods: We analyzed baseline data from 518 25- to 65-year-old women online daters. Women were mailed questionnaires and kits for self-collecting vaginal specimens for polymerase chain reaction-based hrHPV testing.

Persistence of newly detected human papillomavirus type 31 infection, stratified by variant lineage.

Variants of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 31 have been shown to be related both to risk of cervical lesions and racial composition of a population. It is largely undetermined whether variants differ in their likelihood of persistence. Study subjects were women who participated in the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study and who had a newly detected HPV31 infection during a two-year follow-up with six-month intervals.

Association of human papillomavirus type 31 variants with risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2-3.

Although the lineages of human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) variants are recognized, their clinical relevance is unknown. The purpose of our study was to examine risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 2-3 (CIN2/3) by HPV31 variants. Study subjects were women who participated in the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion Triage Study and who had HPV31 infections detected at one or more visits.

Circumcision and acquisition of human papillomavirus infection in young men.

Background: The role of circumcision in male HPV acquisition is not clear.

Methods: Male university students (aged 18-20 years) were recruited from 2003 to 2009 and followed up triannually. Shaft/scrotum, glans, and urine samples were tested for 37 α human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes.

Development of genital warts after incident detection of human papillomavirus infection in young men.

Determining the rate at which men develop genital warts after infection with alpha genus human papillomavirus (HPV) types will provide important information for the design of prevention strategies. We conducted a cohort study of 18-21-year-old men who underwent triannual genital examinations. The 24-month cumulative genital wart incidence was 57.

Quantitative human papillomavirus 16 and 18 levels in incident infections and cervical lesion development.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) RNA levels may be a more sensitive early indicator of predisposition to carcinogenesis than DNA levels. We evaluated whether levels of HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) in newly detected infections are associated with cervical lesion development. Female university students were recruited from 1990 to 2004.

Development and evaluation of a liquid bead microarray assay for genotyping genital human papillomaviruses.

We developed a liquid bead microarray (LBMA) assay for genotyping genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs) based on the MY09-MY11-HMB01 PCR system and the reverse line blot (RLB) assay probe sequences. Using individual HPV plasmids, we were able to detect as few as 50 copies per reaction. In two separate retrospective studies, the LBMA assay was compared to the RLB assay and to the Hybrid Capture II (hc2) assay.

Persistence of genital human papillomavirus infection in a long-term follow-up study of female university students.

Background: Little is known about the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections that persist for more than a few years.

Methods: Four to 12 years after participation in a longitudinal study of incident HPV infection, a cohort of former university students returned for a follow-up visit that included HPV genotyping of cervical and vulvovaginal swab specimens and collection of colposcopy-directed biopsy specimens.

Results: Of 147 women with HPV infection detected during their undergraduate years, 24 (16.

Genital human papillomavirus infection in men: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of university students.

Background: In contrast to the wealth of data on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women, much less is known about HPV in men.

Methods: Between June 2003 and March 2006, a total of 240 heterosexually active male university students 18-20 years of age were recruited for participation in a cohort study of HPV infection. Genital cell samples were collected, at 4-month intervals, for HPV-DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction.

Men's perceptions and knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer.

The authors assessed young men's knowledge and perceptions of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to identify factors that predict intention to make positive behavioral changes. Male university students aged 18 to 25 years completed a self-report instrument to assess knowledge and perceptions of genital HPV infection. If diagnosed with HPV, most men (95%) reported that they would use condoms with new partners.

Development and duration of human papillomavirus lesions, after initial infection.

Background: To determine the potential value of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, information concerning the incidence and duration of clinically important lesions is needed.

Methods: A total of 603 female university students were followed for a mean duration of 38.8 months.

Evaluation of genital sites and sampling techniques for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in men.

To evaluate methods for detection of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in men, samples were obtained from 3 consecutive groups of 10 men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic by use of (1) a saline-wetted Dacron swab alone, (2) a saline-wetted cytobrush, or (3) emery paper (600A-grit Wetordry Tri-M-ite; 3M) abrasion followed by a saline-wetted Dacron swab. By use of a polymerase chain reaction-based assay, 45% of emery-paper samples were found to be positive for beta-globin, compared with 23% of swab-alone and 0% of cytobrush samples. Subsequently, emery paper and saline-wetted Dacron swabs were used to obtain penile shaft, glans, foreskin, and scrotum samples from 318 male university students.

Characterization of IgA response among women with incident HPV 16 infection.

Previous studies have characterized the prevalence and duration of serum IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) in a well-studied cohort of college women, using viruslike particle- (VLP) based ELISAs. In this study IgA antibodies in cervical secretions and sera were examined using a newly developed capsomer-based ELISA and the patterns observed for serum IgG, serum IgA, and cervical IgA antibodies were compared. The median time to antibody detection from the first detection of HPV 16 DNA was 10.

Clinical findings among young women with genital human papillomavirus infection.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical signs and symptoms associated with detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the female genital tract.

Study Design: A total of 516 university students (18 to 24 years old) enrolled in a cohort study that included the collection of genital specimens for HPV DNA testing every 4 months for up to 4 years. Reported symptoms and objective clinical findings of women with and without HPV DNA were compared by multivariate analysis.

Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students.

Incidence data on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are limited, and risk factors for transmission are largely unknown. The authors followed 603 female university students in Washington State at 4-month intervals between 1990 and 2000. At each visit, a sexual and health questionnaire was completed and cervical and vulvovaginal samples were collected to detect HPV DNA.

The effect of vaginal speculum lubrication on the rate of unsatisfactory cervical cytology diagnosis.

Objective: Nonlubricated plastic specula can adhere to the vaginal introitus and cause discomfort with pelvic examination. We wanted to see if application of water-soluble gel lubricant to the plastic vaginal speculum would change the unsatisfactory cervical cytology diagnosis rate.

Methods: Five public health family planning clinic sites were randomized to either water-soluble gel or water only as lubricant during speculum examination for cervical cytology collection.

Acquisition and natural history of human papillomavirus type 16 variant infection among a cohort of female university students.

Analogous to the epidemiology of different types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), variants of a single type such as HPV16 may differ in the natural course of infection. A prospective study was conducted in a cohort of female university students who did not have HPV16 DNA or antibody at enrollment. Subjects were followed every 4 months with Pap smear and colposcopic examinations and tests for HPV DNA and antibody.