[Research progress of celastrol on the prevention and treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease].

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a liver disease with hepatocyte steatosis caused by metabolic disorders, which is closely related to obesity, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction, and other factors. Its pathological process changes from simple steatosis, liver inflammation to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and then leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. At present, no specific therapeutics are available for treatment of MAFLD targeting its etiology.

Inhalation of 4% and 67% hydrogen ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and necroptosis in a rat model of glycerol-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the major complication of rhabdomyolysis (RM) clinically, which is usually mimicked by glycerol injection in basic research. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis are recognized to play important roles in development of this disease. Recently, numerous studies have reported the therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen (H) on oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases.

microelectrode monitoring of real-time hydrogen concentration in different tissues of rats after inhaling hydrogen gas.

Medical effects of hydrogen have been reported in many studies. Due to difficulties in measuring hydrogen concentration in vivo after intake and high explosive risks of hydrogen, studies about dose-response relationships and tissue concentrations of hydrogen are few. Here, for the first time, we monitored real-time hydrogen concentrations in different tissues in rats including brain, liver, spleen, kidney, thigh muscle, inguinal white adipose tissue, and gonadal white adipose tissue after inhaling different concentrations of hydrogen (4%, 42%, and 67%) using an electrochemical sensor.

3×Tg-AD Mice Overexpressing Phospholipid Transfer Protein Improves Cognition Through Decreasing Amyloid-β Production and Tau Hyperphosphorylation.

Background: Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) belongs to the lipid transfer glycoprotein family. Studies have shown that it is closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the exact effect and mechanism remain unknown.

Objective: To observe the effect of PLTP overexpression on behavioral dysfunction and the related mechanisms in APP/PS1/Tau triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice.

Roles and mechanisms of phospholipid transfer protein in the development of Alzheimer's disease.

Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a complex glycosylated protein that mediates the transfer of phospholipids, unesterified cholesterol, diacylglycerides, specific apolipoproteins, and tocopherols between different classes of lipoproteins as well as between lipoproteins and cells. Many studies have associated PLTP with a variety of lipid metabolic diseases. However, recent studies have indicated that PLTP is highly expressed in the brain of vertebrate and may be related to many central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.

[Oxidized phospholipids and atherosclerosis].

Phospholipids are important components of biomembrane and lipoproteins. Phospholipids can be oxidized by free radicals/nonradicals and enzymes to form oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), which can lead to further generation of oxidation products with different biological activities. Clinical evidence shows that OxPLs are constantly generated and transformed during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and accumulated at the lesion sites.

Neuroprotective Effects of Molecular Hydrogen: A Critical Review.

Molecular hydrogen (H) is a physiologically inert gas. However, during the last 10 years, increasing evidence has revealed its biological functions under pathological conditions. More specifically, H has protective effects against a variety of diseases, particularly nervous system disorders, which include ischemia/reperfusion injury, traumatic injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive dysfunction induced by surgery and anesthesia, anxiety, and depression.

"Real world survey" of hydrogen-controlled cancer: a follow-up report of 82 advanced cancer patients.

Advanced cancer treatment is a huge challenge and new ideas and strategies are required. Hydrogen exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that may be exploited to control cancer, the occurrence and progression of which is closely related to peroxidation and inflammation. We conducted a prospective follow-up study of 82 patients with stage III and IV cancer treated with hydrogen inhalation using the "real world evidence" method.

Inhibitory effects of hydrogen on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombosis formation.

Aims: Hydrogen (H) has antioxidant effects. The pharmacologic function of H in platelets is not yet clear. Therefore, in this study we sought to investigate the inhibitory effects of H on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation.

[Different types of molecular hydrogen donors and their pharmacokinetics in vivo].

Molecular hydrogen (H) has been shown to have diverse biomedical effects. As a small molecular gas, hydrogen can be diffused to the target without hindrance. A variety of related hydrogen products used in medical research and public health have been developed.

Plasma Phospholipid Transfer Protein Promotes Platelet Aggregation.

It remains unclear whether plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is involved in hyper-coagulation or hypo-coagulation. This study investigated the direct effect of PLTP on platelet aggregation and the underlying mechanism. Washed platelets from humans or mice and mouse platelet-rich plasma and human recombinant PLTP were isolated.

[Hydrogen rich water attenuates pregnancy gingivitis induced by ligation in SD rats].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of hydrogen rich water on experimental gingivitis in SD rats during pregnancy.

Methods: Female SD rats mated with male ones were chosen to induce experimental gingivitis after ligation for 2 weeks. The pregnant rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and HW group.

[Research advances on preventive and therapeutic effects of hydrogen on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and underlying mechanisms].

For a long time, hydrogen (H) has been considered as a physiological inert gas. However, recent studies have demonstrated that molecular H exerts significant therapeutic effects on various disease models due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capabilities, which have also been well confirmed in many clinical trials. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs) are the leading cause of death in the world, constituting a serious threat to human life and public health.

Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates rat placental stress induced by water restriction.

Dehydration is one of the intrauterine abnormalities that could lead to fetal growth retardation and to increase the risk of a variety of adult diseases later in life. This study were to determine the impact of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation on placental angiotensin II type 1 receptor and placental oxidative stress induced by water restriction. Pregnant Wistar rat were randomly assigned to one of the three groups ( =12 per group).

[Activating transcription factor 6-C/EBP homologous protein pathway mediates advanced glycated albumin-induced macrophage apoptosis].

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a sensor to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), would mediate advanced glycated albumin (AGE-alb)-induced macrophage apoptosis and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured in vitro and treated with AGE-alb (2, 4 and 6 g/L), normal control albumin or tunicamycin (TM, 4 mg/L) for 24 h.

D4F alleviates macrophage-derived foam cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB-dependent Fas/FasL pathway.

This study was designed to explore the protective effect of D4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway-mediated apoptosis in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Our results showed that ox-LDL induced apoptosis, NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation and the upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins, including Fas, FasL, Fas-associated death domain proteins (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-3 in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas silencing of Fas blocked ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis.

[Changes in biological functions of high-density lipoprotein after abnormal modification].

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is composed of apolipoproteins, lipids and functional proteins. HDL protects against atherosclerosis (AS) by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). HDL inhibits the lipid oxidation, inflammation and restores endothelial function.

Ethanol extract of propolis protects macrophages from oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis by inhibiting CD36 expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-C/EBP homologous protein pathway.

Background: Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), rich in flavones, has been known for various biological activities including antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antibiotic activities. Our previous studies have shown that EEP protects endothelial cells from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced apoptosis and inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development. In this present study, we explored the protective effect of EEP on ox-LDL-induced cytotoxicity in macrophages and specifically the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway-mediated apoptosis.

Cardioprotective Effect of Hydrogen-rich Saline on Isoproterenol-induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats.

Background: Infusion with hydrogen gas-saturated saline has recently been reported to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that may protect against organ damage induced by oxidative stress. Therefore because oxidative stress plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI), the aim of our study was to investigate whether hydrogen-rich saline has cardioprotective effects against isoproterenol-induced MI in rats.

Methods: An acute MI model was induced in male Wistar rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol.

[Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced scavenger receptor A1 upregulation in macrophages].

The present study was to investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1) upregulation in macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 20 mmol/L of 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) for 30 min and then treated with ox-LDL (50 mg/L) for 12 h or stimulated with 2 mg/L tunicamycin (TM) or 2 μmol/L thapsigagin (TG) for 4 h.

[Ox-LDL down-regulates expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in human umbilical vein endothelial cells].

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antithrombotic properties and plays a protective role against atherosclerosis (AS). The purpose of the present study is to explore the effects of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on the expression of PEDF in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were cultured and incubated with ox-LDL at different concentrations (6.

[Inhibitory effect of quercetin preconditioning on tunicamycin-induced apoptosis in macrophages and its mechanism].

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin (QUE) preconditioning on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inducer tunicamycin (TM)-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RAW264.

Paris polyphylla Smith extract induces apoptosis and activates cancer suppressor gene connexin26 expression.

Background: The inhibition of tumor cell growth without toxicity to normal cells is an important target in cancer therapy. One possible way to increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs and to decrease toxicity or side effects is to develop traditional natural products, especially from medicinal plants. Paris polyphylla Smith has shown anti-tumour effects by inhibition of tumor promotion and inducement of tumor cell apoptosis, but mechanisms are still not well understood.