Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 contribute to immunoparalysis in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Immunoparalysis, defined as downregulation of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression on monocytes, is strongly associated with septic complications of acute pancreatitis. However, the possible causes of this immunoparalysis have been largely unknown. A prospective case control study was performed in 54 patients with acute pancreatitis and 24 normal volunteers.

Endotoxemia contributes to the immune paralysis in patients with cirrhosis.

Background/aims: Immune paralysis, defined as decreased HLA-DR expression on monocytes and indicated immune dysfunctions, was found in sepsis, severe acute pancreatitis and acute liver failure. However, the relationship between HLA-DR expression and cirrhosis is unclear.

Methods: We enrolled 64 patients with liver cirrhosis and 23 healthy volunteers.