Aging is an intricate process involving interactions among multiple factors, which is one of the main risks for chronic diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a member of cysteine protease, cathepsin S (CTSS) has been implicated in inflammation across various diseases. Here, we investigated the role of neuronal CTSS in aging and AD started by examining CTSS expression in hippocampus neurons of aging mice and identified a significant increase, which was negatively correlated with recognition abilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe recruited a healthy 44-year-old female and obtained her skin fibroblasts. Subsequently, the induced pluripotent stem cell line was successfully established using non-integrated reprogramming technology. The cell line had a normal karyotype and has been confirmed to have good pluripotency through the detection of pluripotency markers and detection of teratoma formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast cancer, the most common lethal cancer among women, is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in breast tissue. Therefore, synergistic anticancer strategies are essential, particularly for maximizing drug delivery to tumor sites. Herein, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-bound nanoparticles encapsulating the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) (BC) with a CuO core (BC/CuO NPs) were developed for cuproptosis-promoted cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, including beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau, leading to cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, the precise mechanisms underlying its onset and progression remain elusive. Cathepsins are a family of lysosomal enzymes that play vital roles in cellular processes, including protein degradation and regulation of immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Res
September 2024
Pluripotent stem cells were generated through the electroporation of episomal plasmids, containing crucial reprogramming factors, into skin fibroblasts extracted from a female Alzheimer's patient harboring the PSEN1 709 T > C (p.Phe237Leu) heterozygous mutation. The pluripotent stem cells exhibit a normal karyotype and express pivotal stem cell markers including TRA-1-60, Nanog, SOX2, and OCT4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParkinson's disease (PD) is a mitochondria-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by locomotor deficits and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the (SNc). Majority of PD research primarily focused on neuronal dysfunction, while the roles of astrocytes and their mitochondria remain largely unexplored. To bridge the gap and investigate the roles of astrocytic mitochondria in PD progression, we constructed a specialized optogenetic tool, mitochondrial-targeted anion channelrhodopsin, to manipulate mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFibroblasts were extracted from the scalp of a healthy 55-year-old male and subsequently transformed into pluripotent stem cells by introducing episomal plasmids harboring essential reprogramming factors. These induced pluripotent stem cells exhibited a normal karyotype and demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into all three germ layers, as confirmed through teratoma assays. This specific cell line serves as a valuable reference for comparative investigations alongside other induced pluripotent stem cell lines generated from somatic cells of patients afflicted by genetic neurodegenerative disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFpH-sensitive fluorescent proteins have revolutionized the field of cellular imaging and physiology, offering insight into the dynamic pH changes that underlie fundamental cellular processes. This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications and recent advances in the use of pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins. These remarkable tools enable researchers to visualize and monitor pH variations within subcellular compartments, especially mitochondria, shedding light on organelle-specific pH regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe temperature of a living cell is a crucial parameter for cellular events, such as cell division, gene expressions, enzyme activities and metabolism. We previously developed a quantifiable mitochondrial thermometry 1.0 based on rhodamine B methyl ester (RhB-ME) and rhodamine 800 (Rh800), and the theory for mitochondrial thermogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We investigated the therapeutic effect of targeting extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) on glioma.
Methods: Raw264.7 cells were harvested to extract EVs for the preparation of ICG/PTX@RGE-EV by electroporation and click chemistry.
Background: Glioma is the most frequent and lethal primary brain malignancy. Amounting evidence has highlighted the importance of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in this malignancy. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of exosomal miR-148a-3p in glioma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLiteratures regarding the prevalence and clinical significance of compound EGFR mutations are limited. Until now, none of retrospective or prospective research has focused on compound mutations except case reports. In this study, we screened a cohort of 3,000 treatment-naïve Chinese advanced NSCLC patients using capture-based ultra-deep targeted sequencing to evaluate the prevalence of compound mutations and the efficacy of EGFR-TKI in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn extra author is added to the article by Chen et al. [(2015), Acta Cryst. F71, 775-778].
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Drosophila neural receptor Dscam1 (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1) plays an essential role in neuronal wiring and self-avoidance. Dscam1 potentially encodes 19,008 ectodomains through alternative RNA splicing and exhibits exquisite isoform-specific homophilic binding, which makes it an exceptional example for studying protein binding specificity. However, structural information on Dscam1 is limited, which hinders illumination of the mechanism of Dscam1 isoform-specific recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDown syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1 (Dscam1), a member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, plays important roles in both the nervous and the immune systems. Via alternative RNA splicing, Drosophila Dscam1 encodes a vast family of Ig-containing proteins that exhibit isoform-specific homophilic binding. Whether different Dscam1 isoforms adopt the same dimerization mode is under debate, and the detailed mechanism of Dscam1 specificity remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun
March 2015
Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule 1 (Dscam1) plays a critical role in neural development. It can potentially form 38 016 isoforms through alternative RNA splicing, and exhibits isoform-specific homophilic interaction through three variable Ig domains (Ig2, Ig3 and Ig7). The diversity and homophilic interaction are essential for its functions.
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