Reversible and Turn-On Fluorescence Detection of Phosphate in Aqueous Solution and Living Cell Imaging by Supramolecular Metallacycles with AIE-Active Ligands.

Luminescent supramolecular metallacycles have attracted great interest as a new promising class of sensing substrates. In this work, two tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based diimidazole and dipyrazole ligands with the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature were designed for the construction of supramolecular tetragonal metallacycles - with two 90° mononuclear [(bpy)M] or dinuclear [(bpy)M] acceptors (bpy = 2,2'-dipyridine; M = Pd, Pt), in which the fluorescence can be quenched to an "off" state due to the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Metallacycle was utilized as a fluorescence sensor for phosphate (PO) detection in aqueous solution by means of disassembly, leading to the release of the ligand.

[ML]-Type Squares Self-Assembled by Dipalladium Corners and Bridging Aromatic Dipyrazole Ligands for Iodine Capture.

Square-like metallamacrocyclic palladium(II) complexes [] () were synthesized by reacting aromatic dipyrazole ligands (HL-HL with pyromellitic arylimide-, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic arylimide-, and anthracene-based aromatic groups, respectively) with dipalladium corners ([(bpy)Pd(NO)](NO), [(dmbpy)Pd(NO)](NO), or [(phen)Pd(NO)](NO), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) in aqueous solutions via metal-directed self-assembly. Metallamacrocycles were fully characterized by H and C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the square structure of 8NO was further confirmed via single crystal X-ray diffraction. These square-like metallamacrocycles exhibit effective performance for iodine adsorption.

Correction: Self-assembly of tripyrazolate-linked [ML] cages for the selective sensing of HSO and gaseous SO by turn-on fluorescence.

Correction for 'Self-assembly of tripyrazolate-linked [ML] cages for the selective sensing of HSO and gaseous SO by turn-on fluorescence' by Peipei Wang , , 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3dt00083d.

Self-assembly of tripyrazolate-linked [ML] cages for the selective sensing of HSO and gaseous SO by turn-on fluorescence.

Owing to their structural designability and tuneable properties, supramolecular metal-organic complexes have recently emerged as promising candidates for the sensing and detection of molecules and anions. Herein, we synthesised three tripyrazolate-linked [ML] metallocages with the formulas [(bpyPd)L](NO) (1), [(dmbpyPd)L](NO) (2), and [(phenPd)L](NO) (3) (HL = tris(4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl)amine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dmbpy = 4,4'-dimethylbipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline). Crystallography revealed that metal-directed coordination and the bidentate chelate behaviour of the ligand induced the self-assembly of supramolecular metal-organic cages.

Site-directed mutagenesis identified the key active site residues of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase HcOSC6 responsible for cucurbitacins biosynthesis in .

is a Chinese traditional medicinal plant, containing cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa) and cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb), both of which have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. However, few studies have been explored on the key enzymes that are involved in cucurbitacins biosynthesis in . Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) is a vital enzyme for cyclizing 2,3-oxidosqualene and its analogues.

Hippocampal microRNA-26a-3p deficit contributes to neuroinflammation and behavioral disorders via p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats.

Background: Neuronal injury is considered a critical risk factor in the pathogenesis of most neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuronal injury associated with brain function remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, identifying neural mechanisms would put new insights into the progression of this condition and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases.

Stress-induced reduction of Na/H exchanger isoform 1 promotes maladaptation of neuroplasticity and exacerbates depressive behaviors.

Major depression disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal neuronal activity in specific brain regions. A factor that is crucial in maintaining normal neuronal functioning is intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. In this study, we show that chronic stress, which induces depression-like behaviors in animal models, down-regulates the expression of the hippocampal Na/H exchanger isoform 1, NHE1, a major determinant of pHi in neurons.

A Pattern to Link Adenosine Signaling, Circadian System, and Potential Final Common Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Major Depressive Disorder.

Several studies have reported separate roles of adenosine receptors and circadian clockwork in major depressive disorder. While less evidence exists for regulation of the circadian clock by adenosine signaling, a small number of studies have linked the adenosinergic system, the molecular circadian clock, and mood regulation. In this article, we review relevant advances and propose that adenosine receptor signaling, including canonical and other alternative downstream cellular pathways, regulates circadian gene expression, which in turn may underlie the pathogenesis of mood disorders.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation and relative bioavailability pilot study of fidaxomicin in healthy Chinese subjects: An open, randomized, single-dose, cross-over study.

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics, investigate relative bioavailability, and provide data for potential additional bioequivalence trials between generic fidaxomicin (test (T) formulation) and the original brand (reference (R) formulation) in healthy Chinese subjects.

Materials And Methods: An open, randomized, single-dose, cross-over study was conducted in 18 healthy Chinese subjects. The subjects randomly received T or R formulations and the alternative formulations were received after a 14-day wash-out period.

Agomelatine rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced neural injury and depression-like behaviors via suppression of the Gαi-2-PKA-ASK1 signaling pathway.

Background: Agomelatine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects have yet to be elucidated. Identification of these molecular mechanisms would not only offer new insights into the basis for depression but also provide the foundation for the development of novel treatments for this disorder.

Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of LPS was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats.

Supramolecular Hydrogen Bonding Assembly from Non-Coplanar Aromatic Tetra-H-Pyrazoles with Crystallization-Induced Emission (CIE).

Here, we report a design strategy for constructing supramolecular organic frameworks by introducing H-pyrazole groups to aromatic cores as non-coplanar molecules to form diverse supramolecular assemblies through multiple H-pyrazole [N-H···N] hydrogen bonds as well as other weak interactions. The new supramolecular organic frameworks displayed interesting crystallization-induced emission (CIE) behavior.

Microglia secrete miR-146a-5p-containing exosomes to regulate neurogenesis in depression.

Enhancing neurogenesis within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for maintaining brain development and function in many neurological diseases. However, the neural mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in depression remain unclear. Here, we show that microglia transfer a microglia-enriched microRNA, miR-146a-5p, via secreting exosomes to inhibit neurogenesis in depression.

MicroRNA-204-5p reduction in rat hippocampus contributes to stress-induced pathology via targeting RGS12 signaling pathway.

Background: Neuroinflammation occupies a pivotal position in the pathogenesis of most nervous system diseases, including depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation associated with neuronal injury in depression remain largely uncharacterized. Therefore, identifying potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets would serve to better understand the progression of this condition.

Prophylactic treatment of curcumin in a rat model of depression by attenuating hippocampal synaptic loss.

Curcumin is a polyphenol substance considered to be effective in the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. However, details regarding the exact mechanisms for the protective effects of curcumin in neuropsychiatric disorders, like depression, remain unknown. In the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) it appears that dysregulation of oxidative stress and immune systems, particularly within the hippocampal region, may play a critical role.

MicroRNA-26a-3p rescues depression-like behaviors in male rats via preventing hippocampal neuronal anomalies.

Depression is a neuropsychiatric disease associated with neuronal anomalies within specific brain regions. In the present study, we screened microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and found that miR-26a-3p was markedly downregulated in a rat model of depression, whereas upregulation of miR-26a-3p within DG regions rescued the neuronal deterioration and depression-like phenotypes resulting from stress exposure, effects that appear to be mediated by the PTEN pathway. The knockdown of miR-26a-3p in DG regions of normal control rats induced depression-like behaviors, effects that were accompanied by activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and neuronal deterioration via suppression of autophagy, impairments in synaptic plasticity, and promotion of neuronal apoptosis.

Neuroprotective effects of microRNA-211-5p on chronic stress-induced neuronal apoptosis and depression-like behaviours.

Findings from recent studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to numerous neurological disorders. However, whether miRNAs regulate neuronal anomalies involved in the pathogenesis of depression remain unclear. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles in the CA1 hippocampus of a rat model of depression and found that a specific miRNA, microRNA-211-5p, was significantly down-regulated in depressed rats.

Hippocampal miR-211-5p regulates neurogenesis and depression-like behaviors in the rat.

Emerging evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of depression, a potentially life-threatening and disabling mental disorder caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. However, the specific miRNAs and their underlying molecular mechanisms as involved in the pathogenesis and development of depression remain largely unknown. In the present study, we screened miRNA expression profiles and found that miR-211-5p was significantly down-regulated within the dentate gyrus (DG) hippocampus in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced rat model of depression.

N-Acetylcysteine Rescues Hippocampal Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Injury Suppression of p38/JNK Signaling in Depressed Rats.

Progression of neuronal deterioration within specific brain regions is considered as one of the principal bases for the development of major depressive disorders. Therefore, protects and promotes the maintaining of normal structure and function of neurons might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of depression. Here, we report that the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), inhibited neuronal injury through its capacity to reduce oxidative stress and exerted antidepressant effects.

Protective effect of acacetin in human periodontal ligament cells regulation of autophagy and inflammation.

Our study investigated the effects of acacetin, a natural flavonoid compound, on the survival and expression of inflammatory related cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Treatment with acacetin significantly promoted survival and suppressed apoptosis in LPS-stimulated PDL cells in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Moreover, ELISA assay showed that acacetin dose-dependently attenuated LPS-induced increases of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in PDL cells.

Ginsenoside-Rg1 Rescues Stress-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Neural Inflammation in Rats.

Depression is an inflammatory-related condition, with the progression in neuronal damage resulting in major depression disorder. Ginsenoside-Rg1, a sterol extract from the herb , has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects upon neurodegeneration disorders. However, whether ginsenoside-Rg1 confers antidepressant-like effects on neuroinflammation as associated with depression, as well as the possible mechanism involved in these neuroprotective effects, is currently unclear.

COX-2 inhibition rescues depression-like behaviors via suppressing glial activation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in rats.

Depression is considered a neuropsychiatric condition which is associated with neuronal injury within specific brain regions. We previously reported that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, significantly enhanced depressive-like disorders induced by chronic stress in rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and identification of potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuronal injury associated with depression remain largely uncharacterized.

Unusual Photoelectrochemical Properties of Electropolymerized Films of a Triphenylamine-Containing Organic Small Molecule.

The electropolymerized films of poly() on an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared by anodic electrooxidation of a dichloromethane solution of a triphenylamine-carrying organic molecule and were characterized/studied by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Poly() films were found to show surface-controlled TPA associated quasi-reversible redox and exceptionally high photocurrent generation properties. At a zero external bias potential and under 100 mW/cm white light irradiation, a photoelectrochemical device composed of a poly()-modified ITO as the working electode, a platinum disk counter electrode, and saturated calomel electrode reference electrode in a 0.

Interleukin-6: Its role and mechanisms in rescuing depression-like behaviors in rat models of depression.

Neuronal injury within specific brain regions is considered a critical risk factor in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process, and thus the potential for development of novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of depression, remain largely unknown. Here, we report that Il-6 protects against neuronal anomalies related with depression, in part, by suppressing oxidative stress and consequent autophagic and apoptotic hyperactivity.